scholarly journals Maternal HIV Infection and Placental Malaria Reduce Transplacental Antibody Transfer and Tetanus Antibody Levels in Newborns in Kenya

2007 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillippa Cumberland ◽  
Caroline E. Shulman ◽  
P. A. Chris Maple ◽  
Judith N. Bulmer ◽  
Edgar K. Dorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Antibody Levels

scholarly journals Impact of Maternal HIV Infection and Placental Malaria on the Transplacental Transfer of Influenza Antibodies in Mother–Infant Pairs in Malawi, 2013–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Ho ◽  
Gugulethu Mapurisa ◽  
Mwayiwawo Madanitsa ◽  
Linda Kalilani-Phiri ◽  
Steve Kamiza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Transplacental Transfer ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Maternal influenza vaccination protects infants against influenza virus infection. Impaired transplacental transfer of influenza antibodies may reduce this protection. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of influenza vaccine–naïve pregnant women recruited at delivery from Blantyre (urban, low malaria transmission) and Chikwawa (rural, high malaria transmission) in Southern Malawi. HIV-infected mothers were excluded in Chikwawa. Maternal and cord blood antibodies against circulating influenza strains A/California/7/2009, A/Victoria/361/2011, B/Brisbane/60/2008, and B/Wisconsin/1/2010 were measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI). We studied the impact of maternal HIV infection and placental malaria on influenza antibody levels in mother–infant pairs in Blantyre and Chikwawa, respectively. Results We included 454 mother–infant pairs (Blantyre, n = 253; Chikwawa, n = 201). HIV-infected mothers and their infants had lower seropositivity (HAI titer ≥1:40) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (mothers, 24.3 vs 45.4%; P = .02; infants, 24.3 vs 50.5%; P = .003) and A(H3N2) (mothers, 37.8% vs 63.9%; P = .003; infants, 43.2 vs 64.8%; P = .01), whereas placental malaria had an inconsistent effect on maternal and infant seropositivity. In multivariable analyses, maternal HIV infection was associated with reduced infant seropositivity (A(H1N1)pdm09: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.79; A(H3N2): aOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21–0.89). Transplacental transfer was not impaired by maternal HIV or placental malaria. Conclusions Maternal HIV infection influenced maternal antibody response to influenza A virus infection, and thereby antibody levels in newborns, but did not affect transplacental antibody transfer.

scholarly journals Placental antibody transfer: influence of maternal HIV infection and placental malaria

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. F202-F205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M I. de Moraes-Pinto ◽  
F. Verhoeff ◽  
L. Chimsuku ◽  
P. J M Milligan ◽  
L. Wesumperuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Placental Antibody Transfer

scholarly journals Placental Transfer of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Antibody Among HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
Sweta M Patel ◽  
Sabelle Jallow ◽  
Sefelani Boiditswe ◽  
Shabir A Madhi ◽  
Kristen A Feemster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Exposed Uninfected

Abstract Background Maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with lower placental transfer of antibodies specific to several childhood pathogens. Our objective for this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal HIV infection on the placental transfer of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-neutralizing antibodies. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of mothers and their newborn infants at a tertiary hospital in Gaborone, Botswana, between March 2015 and December 2015. We measured serum RSV antibody levels by using a microneutralization assay. We used multivariable linear regression to evaluate the effect of maternal HIV infection on maternal RSV antibody levels, placental transfer of RSV antibodies, and newborn RSV antibody levels. Results Of 316 mothers, 154 (49%) were infected with HIV. The placental transfer ratios for RSV antibodies to HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) and HIV-unexposed, uninfected infants were 1.02 and 1.15, respectively. The geometric mean titer (95% confidence interval) of RSV-neutralizing antibodies was 2657 (2251–3136) among HEU newborns and 2911 (2543–3331) among HIV-unexposed, uninfected newborns. In multivariable analyses, maternal HIV infection was associated with lower placental transfer of RSV antibodies (P = .02) and a lower level of RSV antibodies among newborns (P = .002). Among HEU newborns, higher birth weight (P = .004) and an undetectable maternal antenatal viral load (P = .01) were associated with more effective placental transfer of RSV antibodies. Conclusions Maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with lower mother-to-fetus transfer of serum RSV-neutralizing antibodies. HEU infants should be prioritized for preventive interventions for RSV. Maternal viral suppression through combination antiretroviral therapy has the potential to improve immunity to RSV among HIV-exposed infants.

The impact of maternal HIV infection on parenting in inner-city African American families.

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A. Kotchick ◽  
Rex Forehand ◽  
Gene Brody ◽  
Lisa Armistead ◽  
Patricia Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Inner City ◽  
African American Families ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
American Families

Maternal HIV infection and spontaneous versus provider-initiated preterm birth in an urban Zambian cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan T PRICE ◽  
Bellington VWALIKA ◽  
Jessie K EDWARDS ◽  
Stephen R COLE ◽  
Margaret P KASARO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection

scholarly journals Obstetric and new born outcome in HIV infected pregnant women: a prospective cohort study in Bangalore Medical College Hospitals, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4445
Author(s):  
Rashmi S. Desai ◽  
Geetha Shivamurthy ◽  
Sameer Desai
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background: The effect of HIV on obstetric complications is known to vary across regions of world. The variation may be due to HIV infection per se or it may be due to complex interaction of related medical and social conditions that affect pregnancy. Incidence of these obstetric complications in HIV infected pregnant women is not well reported in India. So, this prospective cohort study was carried to observe the demographics and incidence of obstetrics complications like abortions, still birth, premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, opportunistic infections in HIV infected pregnant women.Methods: All pregnant women who were screened positive for HIV test, irrespective of their gestational age were included in the study. Apart from routine obstetric care, CD4 cell count was carried out. The patients were followed up till term, delivery and up to 6-week postpartum period. Obstetric outcomes like incidence of abortion, intrauterine death, preterm delivery and premature rupture of membrane were noted. Baby`s birth weight and the incidence of maternal opportunistic infection were noted and correlated with maternal CD4 cell count.Results: Maternal HIV infection is associated pre-term labour in 34.5%, PROM in 30%, low birth weight in 52.3%. Increased incidences of these adverse outcomes have an inverse relationship with CD4 count.Conclusions: Maternal HIV infection is associated with increased incidence of adverse obstetric outcome and opportunistic infection, and their incidences increase with lower CD4 count.

scholarly journals Causal Effect of Maternal HIV on Child Health Outcomes in the Context of Prevention of Mother to Child HIV Transmission (PMTCT) in Malawi

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halima Sumayya Twabi ◽  
Samuel O Manda ◽  
Dylan S Small
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Pmtct Program ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection

Abstract Evidence has shown that maternal HIV infection has adverse effects on child birth weight. However, the effect of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) on pregnancy outcome is not conclusive. Ascertaining causality of these associations remain largely unexamined and untested, and if confirmed would help policy makers to improve implementation and sensitization of PMTCT program. However, assessing causal effect has been limited due to ethical concerns if randomized controlled trials are appropriate. We aim to estimate the causal effect of maternal HIV on birth weight and the causal effect of knowledge of HIV status on exclusive breastfeeding while ascertaining the mediating effect of ART using observational data. Data on over 18,000 and 16,000 children still alive and born within five years of the 2010 and 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys were analysed. A set of methods for confounder balance namely, the 1:1 nearest neighbour (NN) matching, matching on the propensity score (PS) and inverse weighting the propensity score (PS) were used. Before matching, place of residence, region, anaemia level and age were statistically different between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected mothers for both the 2010 and 2015-16 data. After matching, the selected confounding variables were distributed similarly between HIV-infection statuses. Maternal HIV infection had a negative effect on infant birth weight for the 2010 data and had a positive effect on birth weight for the 2015-16 data with p-values <0.001. Uptake of ART did not mediate the effect of HIV infection on birth weight. Maternal knowledge of HIV status was not associated with behaviour concerning exclusive breastfeeding. We have found conflicting evidence on the association between maternal HIV infection and birth weight. The adverse association between maternal HIV infection and child birth weight found for the 2010 data could more likely be causal. However, the increased birth weight among infants born to HIV infected mothers in 2015-16 may show the recent successes of policies and interventions within the PMTCT program in Malawi. However, the purported mediating effect of ART on the association between HIV infection and birth weight was not found. Prenatal care interventions should continue to be supported among ANC clinics in Malawi.

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