Prevalence and Trend in the Use of Hospital-Based Standing Orders Programs for Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 899-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Ram Pentakota ◽  
William Halperin
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
State Government ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
Health Department ◽  
The State ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Hospital Characteristics

Background.In 2002, federal regulations authorized the use of standing orders programs (SOPs) for promoting influenza and pneumococcal vaccination. In 2003, the New Jersey Hospital Association conducted a demonstration project illustrating the efficacy of SOPs, and the state health department informed healthcare facilities of their benefits. We describe the prevalence of reported use of SOPs in New Jersey hospitals in 2003 and 2005 and identify hospital characteristics associated with the use of SOPs.Methods.A survey was mailed to the directors of infection control at 117 New Jersey hospitals during the period from January to May 2005 (response rate, 90.6%). Data on hospital characteristics were obtained from hospital directories and online resources.Results.The prevalence of use of SOPs for influenza vaccination was 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40.1%-59.9%) in 2003, and it increased to 78.3% (95% CI, 69.2%-85.7%) in 2005. The prevalence of SOP use for pneumococcal vaccination was similar. In 2005, the reported rate of use of SOPs for inpatients (influenza vaccination, 76.4%; pneumococcal vaccination, 75.5%) was significantly higher than that for outpatients (influenza vaccination, 9.4%; pneumococcal vaccination, 8.5%). Prevalence ratios for SOP use comparing acute care and non-acute care hospitals were 1.71 (95% CI, 1.2-2.5) for influenza vaccination SOPs and 1.8 for (95% CI, 1.2-2.7) pneumococcal vaccination SOPs. Acute care hospitals with a ratio of admissions to total beds greater than 36.7 reported greater use of SOPs for pneumococcal vaccination, compared with those that had a ratio of less than 36.7.Conclusion.The increase in the prevalence of reported use of SOPs among New Jersey hospitals in 2005, compared with 2003, was contemporaneous with SOP-related actions taken by the federal government, the state government, and the New Jersey Hospital Association. Opportunities persist for increased use of SOPs among non-acute care hospitals and for outpatients.

scholarly journals 174. Increase in Candida auris cases in New Jersey healthcare facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic — 2017–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S106-S107
Author(s):  
Reed Magleby ◽  
Gabriel Innes ◽  
Diya Cherian ◽  
Jessica Arias ◽  
Jason Mehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Percent Positivity

Abstract Background Candida auris is a fungal pathogen associated with multidrug resistance, high mortality, and healthcare transmission. Since its U.S. emergence in 2017, to March 19, 2021, 1708 clinical infections were reported nationwide, of which 235 (13.8%) were reported in New Jersey. The New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) maintains C. auris surveillance in healthcare facilities (HCF) such as acute care hospitals, long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs), and skilled nursing facilities, to monitor clinical infections and patient colonization. We aimed to characterize the epidemiology of C. auris infection and colonization among HCF patients during 2017–2020. Methods HCFs report C. auris cases identified from clinical specimens and surveillance activities such as admission screenings and point prevalence surveys (PPS) to NJDOH. Cases are classified as either infection or colonization using National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System case definitions. We analyzed cases reported during 2017–2020 to describe types of cases, facilities reporting cases, and demographics of affected patients. We analyzed PPS results to calculate percent positivity of tests from patients without previously identified infection and compared percent positivity between types of facilities. We examined quarterly trends for all variables before and after the COVID-19 pandemic peak in the second quarter of 2020. Results During 2017–2020, 614 C. auris cases identified from clinical specimens were reported to NJDOH [243 (39.6%) infection, 371 (60.4%) colonization]; of these, 139 (57.2%) and 301 (81.1%) , respectively, were identified at long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs). PPS percent positivity was higher at LTACHs (mean 7.6%) compared with all other facility types (mean 3.6%) for 13 of 16 quarters during 2017–2020. Case reports increased 2.6-fold from the Q2 2020 peak of the COVID-19 pandemic to Q3 2020.From Q1 to Q4 2020, PPS percent positivity increased from 4.8% to 10.5%. Figure 1. Candida auris cases reported to New Jersey Department of Health, 2017–2020 Figure 2. Candida auris test percent positivity among healthcare facility patients sampled for point prevalence surveys* and total number of C. auris point prevalence tests performed, New Jersey, 2017–2020. *Excluding individuals already known to be cases Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated C. auris transmission in HCF and potential causes should be further explored. LTACHs carry a disproportionate burden of patients colonized with C. auris and should be prioritized for surveillance and containment efforts. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Public Health Oversight of Interfacility Transfers During a Candida auris Outbreak—Orange County, California, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s76-s77
Author(s):  
Kathleen O'Donnell ◽  
Ellora Karmarkar ◽  
Brendan R Jackson ◽  
Erin Epson ◽  
Matthew Zahn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Orange County ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
Nursing Facilities ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
California Department ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Contact Precautions

Background: In February 2019, the Orange County Health Care Agency (OCHCA) identified an outbreak of Candida auris, an emerging fungus that spreads rapidly in healthcare facilities. Patients in long-term acute-care hospitals (LTACHs) and skilled nursing facilities that provide ventilator care (vSNFs) are at highest risk for C. auris colonization. With assistance from the California Department of Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, OCHCA instituted enhanced surveillance, communication, and screening processes for patients colonized with or exposed to C. auris. Method: OCHCA implemented enhanced surveillance by conducting point-prevalence surveys (PPSs) at all 3 LTACHs and all 14 vSNFs in the county. Colonized patients were identified through axilla/groin skin swabbing with C. auris detected by PCR and/or culture. In facilities where >1 C. auris colonized patient was found, PPSs were repeated every 2 weeks to identify ongoing transmission. Retrospective case finding was instituted at 2 LTACHs with a high burden of colonized patients; OCHCA contacted patients discharged after January 1, 2019, and offered C. auris screening. OCHCA tracked the admission or discharge of all colonized patients, and facilities with ongoing transmission were required to report transfers of any patient, regardless of colonization status. OCHCA tracked all patients discharged from facilities with ongoing transmission to ensure that accepting facilities conducted admission surveillance testing of exposed patients and implemented appropriate environmental and contact precautions. Result: From February–October 2019, 192 colonized patients were identified. All 3 LTACHs and 6 of 14 VSNFs had at least 1 C. auris–colonized patient identified on initial PPS, and 2 facilities had ongoing transmission identified on serial PPS. OCHCA followed 96 colonized patients transferred a total of 230 times (an average of 2.4 transfers per patient) (Fig. 1) and 677 exposed patients discharged from facilities with ongoing transmission (Fig. 2). Admission screening of 252 exposed patients on transfer identified 13 (5.2%) C. auris–colonized patients. As of November 1, 2019, these 13 patients were admitted 21 times to a total of 6 acute-care hospitals, 2 LTACHs, and 3 vSNFs. Transferring facilities did not consistently communicate the colonized patient’s status and the requirements for isolation and testing of exposed patients. Conclusion: OCHCA oversight of interfacility transfer, though labor-intensive, improved identification of patients colonized with C. auris and implementation of appropriate environmental and contact precautions, reducing the risk of transmission in receiving healthcare facilities.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals The Impact of a Massachusetts State-Sponsored Educational Program on Antimicrobial Stewardship in Acute Care Hospitals

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Weston ◽  
Lauren Epstein ◽  
Lisa E. Davidson ◽  
Alfred DeMaria ◽  
Shira Doron
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Business Models ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
The State ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
The Impact

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are critically important for combating the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Despite this, there are no regulatory requirements at a national level, which makes initiatives at the state level critical. The objectives of this study were to identify existing antimicrobial stewardship practices, characterize barriers to antimicrobial stewardship implementation in acute care hospitals throughout Massachusetts, and evaluate the impact on these hospitals of a state-sponsored educational conference on antimicrobial stewardship.In September 2011, a state-sponsored educational program entitled “Building Stewardship: A Team Approach Enhancing Antibiotic Stewardship in Acute Care Hospitals” was offered to interested practitioners from throughout the state. The program consisted of 2 audio conferences, reading materials, and a 1-day conference consisting of lectures focusing on the importance of ASPs, strategies for implementation, improvement strategies for existing programs, and panel discussions highlighting successful practices. Smaller breakout sessions focused on operational issues, including understanding of pharmacodynamics, business models, and electronic surveillance.

Factors That Influenced Rates of Influenza Vaccination Among Employees of Wisconsin Acute Care Hospitals and Nursing Homes During the 2005-2006 Influenza Season

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1398-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwen Borlaug ◽  
Alexandra Newman ◽  
John Pfister ◽  
Jeffrey P. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Vaccination Rates

Hospitals and nursing homes were surveyed in 2006 to obtain information on employee influenza vaccination programs and baseline rates of influenza vaccination among employees. Results were used to make recommendations for improving employees' 2007 influenza vaccination rates. Facilities should continue to provide convenient and free vaccination programs, offer education to promote vaccination, and use signed declination forms.

scholarly journals 2480. Communication During Patient Transfers: Describing Gaps in the Infectious Status Information Pipeline

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S859-S859
Author(s):  
Jeanmarie Mayer ◽  
Roberta Horth ◽  
Madison Todd ◽  
Randon Gruninger ◽  
Allyn K Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Skilled Nursing Facility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skilled Nursing ◽  
Patient Transfers ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Infection Preventionists

Abstract Background Fragmented communication of patients’ infectious status across healthcare networks impact regional spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). This study aimed to quantify gaps in communication of patient MDRO status across Utah healthcare facilities and to identify opportunities to improve. Methods This is a cross-sectional retrospective mixed-methods study of patient transfers from three purposively selected healthcare facilities: an acute care (ACF), long-term acute care (LTAC), and skilled-nursing facility (SNF). Patients with known MDRO transferred out of these facilities over the previous week were identified in bimonthly samples spanning 2 months. Infection preventionists and admission nurses from facilities receiving these patients were interviewed. Results Of 293 patients transferred to another facility, 13% (n = 38) had an active infection or colonization with an MDRO. These 38 patients were transferred to 26 healthcare facilities within the state (4 ACF, 3 LTAC, 19 SNF). Gram-negative organisms with resistance to a carbapenem accounted for 15.8% of those transferred with an MDRO. There was no documentation of the state infection control transfer form (ICTF) at the sending facility for 68.5% of MDRO patient transfers. Of 22 admitting nurses interviewed, 19 (86.4%) did not receive an ICTF, 6 (27.3%) received no communication regarding patients’ infectious status, and 11 (50%) had to contact the sending facility for additional information. Moreover, 18.2% of patients had not been put on appropriate precautions. Several nurses expressed confusion with MDRO definitions and lack of guidance regarding care of MDRO colonized patients. Among infection preventionists asked about general MDRO transfers (n = 26), 26.9% reported that communication on infectious status of MDRO patients was received in under 40% of incoming transfers. When asked about a planned statewide MDRO registry, 80.8% felt that such a system would be actively searched at their facility, and 96.2% felt that a system that pushes out alerts would be useful. Conclusion Given the widespread gaps in communication of infectious status of patients with MDROs transferred across the healthcare facilities sampled, efforts to standardize and improve MDRO communication in the region is warranted. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Addressing the Health Care Delivery Needs in the Acute Care Setting by Developing a Postmaster’s Acute Care Certification Program

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Helen Miley ◽  
Courtney Reinisch
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
The State ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Acute Care Setting ◽  
Term Care

The state of New Jersey certifies nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists from all specialties as advanced practice nurses (APNs). There are more than 4,000 certified APNs in the state in 17 specialty areas. APNs in the state have the privilege of practicing in various settings such as ambulatory, inpatient, and long-term care. The state does not limit the setting where an APN chooses to practice. A trend is emerging in the state to address the concern of primary care–educated APNs to prepare them for the delivery of care in the acute care setting. Some institutions within the state of New Jersey are requiring their primary care educated and certified adult primary care APNs working in an inpatient setting to obtain an acute care certification. Recognizing the needs of these adult primary care APNs, Dr. Helen Miley developed a postmaster’s certificate program which has been approved by Rutgers School of Nursing faculty. Although the first cohort has not yet been admitted to the program, it will be implemented in the near future. Because it is important to address the educational needs of adult primary care APNs, this article describes the needs assessment and development plan used for this program.

scholarly journals Association of Hospital-Onset Clostridium difficile Infection Rates and Antibiotic Use in US Acute Care Hospitals, 2006–2012: An Ecologic Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S1-S1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Kazakova ◽  
James Baggs ◽  
Lawrence McDonald ◽  
Sarah Yi ◽  
Kelly Hatfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Facility Level ◽  
Hospital Characteristics

Abstract Background This study investigated the association between facility-level rates of hospital-onset CDI (HO-CDI) and inpatient antibiotic use (AU) in a large group of U.S. acute care hospitals over a 7-year period. Methods We used adult discharge and antibiotic use data from 552 acute care hospitals participating in the Truven Health MarketScan Hospital Database from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2012 to determine facility-level CDI rates and AU. HO-CDI was defined as a discharge with a secondary ICD-9-CM diagnosis code for CDI (008.45) and inpatient treatment with metronidazole or oral vancomycin. The relationship between facility-level HO-CDI (HO-CDI per 10,000 patient-days (PD)) and AU (days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 PD) was examined through multivariate general estimating equation models that accounted for the correlation between annual HO-CDI rates within a hospital. The models controlled for hospital characteristics and a facility-level rate of community-onset CDI (CO-CDI), defined as a discharge with a primary ICD-9-CM code for CDI and inpatient treatment. Results During 2006 to 2012, the mean HO-CDI rate was 11 per 10,000 PD (interquartile range (IQR): 5.7–14.7) and mean AU was 811 DOT/1,000 PD (IQR: 710–932). After controlling for facility-level CO-CDI and other hospital characteristics, overall AU was significantly associated with facility-level HO-CDI rate; for every 50 DOT/1,000 PD increase in AU, there was a 4.4% increase in the HO-CDI rate. Similarly, the only antibiotic classes significantly associated with HO-CDI were third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins (P < 0.0001) and carbapenems (P = 0.0011) with respective increases of 2.1% and 2.4% of HO-CDI per 10 DOT/1,000 PD increase. Fluoroquinolones and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations were not significantly associated with HO-CDI. Conclusion In this ecologic analysis of over 500 hospitals, overall antibiotic use was associated with increased rates of HO-CDI. In contrast to recent patient-level analyses in the United States and national observations in England, only third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems were associated with HO-CDI. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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