scholarly journals Direct Observation of High-Speed Plasma Outflows Produced by Magnetic Reconnection in Solar Impulsive Events

2007 ◽  
Vol 661 (2) ◽  
pp. L207-L210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongjiang Wang ◽  
Linhui Sui ◽  
Jiong Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
High Speed

Direct observation of surfactant aggregate behavior on a mica surface using high-speed atomic force microscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (17) ◽  
pp. 4974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeto Inoue ◽  
Takayuki Uchihashi ◽  
Daisuke Yamamoto ◽  
Toshio Ando
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Mica Surface ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Aggregate Behavior

scholarly journals Direct Observation of Rotary Catalysis of Rotorless F1-ATPase by High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 600a
Author(s):  
Ryota Iino ◽  
Takayuki Uchihashi ◽  
Toshio Ando ◽  
Hiroyuki Noji
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
F1 Atpase ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Rotary Catalysis

scholarly journals A case study of dayside reconnection under extremely low solar wind density conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3571-3583
Author(s):  
R. Maggiolo ◽  
J. A. Sauvaud ◽  
I. Dandouras ◽  
E. Luceck ◽  
H. Rème
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Plasma Jets ◽  
Solar Wind Density ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Dayside Magnetopause ◽  
Field Lines

Abstract. From 15 February 2004, 20:00 UT to 18 February 2004, 01:00 UT, the solar wind density dropped to extremely low values (about 0.35 cm−3). On 17 February, between 17:45 UT and 18:10 UT, the CLUSTER spacecraft cross the dayside magnetopause several times at a large radial distance of about 16 RE. During each of these crossings, the spacecraft detect high speed plasma jets in the dayside magnetopause and boundary layer. These observations are made during a period of southward and dawnward Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF). The magnetic shear across the local magnetopause is ~90° and the magnetosheath beta is very low (~0.15). We evidence the presence of a magnetic field of a few nT along the magnetopause normal. We also show that the plasma jets, accelerated up to 600 km/s, satisfy the tangential stress balance. These findings strongly suggest that the accelerated jets are due to magnetic reconnection between interplanetary and terrestrial magnetic field lines northward of the satellites. This is confirmed by the analysis of the ion distribution function that exhibits the presence of D shaped distributions and of a reflected ion population as predicted by theory. A quantitative analysis of the reflected ion population reveals that the reconnection process lasts about 30 min in a reconnection site located at a very large distance of several tens RE from the Cluster spacecraft. We also estimate the magnetopause motion and thickness during this event. This paper gives the first experimental study of magnetic reconnection during such rare periods of very low solar wind density. The results are discussed in the frame of magnetospheric response to extremely low solar wind density conditions.

Filamentary Currents in Turbulent Magnetic Reconnection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhou ◽  
Xiaohua Deng ◽  
Zhihong Zhong ◽  
Ye Pang
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Physics ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Current Sheet ◽  
Coherent Structures ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Normal Direction ◽  
Neutral Sheet ◽  
Current Filaments

<p>Magnetic reconnection and turbulence are the two most important energy conversion phenomena in plasma physics. Magnetic reconnection and turbulence are often intertwined. For example, reconnection occurs in thin current layers formed during cascades of turbulence, while reconnection in large-scale current sheet also evolves into turbulence. How energy is dissipated and how particles are accelerated in turbulent magnetic reconnection are outstanding questions in magnetic reconnection and turbulence. Here we report MMS observations of filamentary currents in turbulent outflows in the Earth's magnetotail. We found sub-ion-scale filamentary currents in high-speed outflows that evolved into turbulent states. The normal direction of these current filaments is mainly along the X<sub>GSM</sub> direction, which is distinct from the neutral sheet. Some filamentary currents were reconnecting, thereby further dissipating the magnetic energy far from the X line. We notice that turbulent reconnection is more efficient in energizing electrons than laminar reconnection. Coherent structures composed of these filaments may be important in accelerating particles during turbulent reconnection.  </p>

scholarly journals Algal Viruses: The (Atomic) Shape of Things to Come

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Christopher Evans ◽  
Oliver Payton ◽  
Loren Picco ◽  
Michael Allen
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Structure Study ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Algal Virus ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Algal Viruses ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come

Visualization of algal viruses has been paramount to their study and understanding. The direct observation of the morphological dynamics of infection is a highly desired capability and the focus of instrument development across a variety of microscopy technologies. However, the high temporal (ms) and spatial resolution (nm) required, combined with the need to operate in physiologically relevant conditions presents a significant challenge. Here we present a short history of virus structure study and its relation to algal viruses and highlight current work, concentrating on electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, towards the direct observation of individual algae–virus interactions. Finally, we make predictions towards future algal virus study direction with particular focus on the exciting opportunities offered by modern high-speed atomic force microscopy methods and instrumentation.

Direct observation of the dual-switching behaviors corresponding to the state transition in a DNA nanoframe

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (32) ◽  
pp. 4211-4213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Yang ◽  
Masayuki Endo ◽  
Yuki Suzuki ◽  
Kumi Hidaka ◽  
Hiroshi Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
State Transition ◽  
The State ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
G Quadruplex

The dual-switching behaviors of photoresponsive DNAs and the G-quadruplex in the DNA nanoframe were successfully visualized by high-speed atomic force microscopy.

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