Effects of Hypervolemia and Hypovolemia on Cardiac and Posterior Lymph Heart Function in the Toad Bufo marinus (L.)

1998 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason G. Williams ◽  
Judy M. Jones ◽  
Daniel P. Toews
Keyword(s):  
Heart Function ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Lymph Heart ◽  
Toad Bufo

The Role of Arginine Vasotocin in the Control of Posterior Lymph Heart Function in the Toad Bufo marinus (L.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn G. Parsons ◽  
Lee A. Wentzell ◽  
Judy M. Jones ◽  
Daniel P. Toews
Keyword(s):  
Heart Function ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Lymph Heart ◽  
Toad Bufo

scholarly journals Posterior lymph heart pressure and rate and lymph flow in the toad Bufo marinus in response to hydrated and dehydrated conditions

1992 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Jones ◽  
L. A. Wentzell ◽  
D. P. Toews
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Lymph Drainage ◽  
Constant Measurement ◽  
Lymph Heart ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Toad Bufo ◽  
New Surgical Technique

Posterior lymph heart pressure, rate and flow were measured in chronically cannulated Bufo marinus during normal hydrated and dehydrated conditions. A new surgical technique was developed which allowed direct and constant measurement of the functioning of the posterior lymph hearts with minimal disruption to normal lymph drainage. The mean intra-lymph-heart systolic pressure was 2.29 +/− 0.12 kPa for hydrated animals at rest, decreasing to 1.01 +/− 0.10 kPa after 24 h of dehydration. Similarly, lymph heart rate, which was 48.2 +/− 1.7 beats min-1 under hydrated conditions, decreased to 31.8 +/− 4.6 beats min-1 after 18 h of dehydration. Lymph flow decreased almost to zero during dehydration from a hydrated rate of 1.11 +/− 0.04 ml h-1 100 g-1. This is the first study to measure directly and to correlate these variables in an amphibian and to show specifically that pressure, rate and lymph flow are significantly reduced during periods of dehydration.

Synchrony in the amphibian lymphatic system: evidence for bilateral posterior lymph heart synchrony and cardiac–lymphatic synchrony in Rana catesbeiana and Bufo marinus

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily H Coolidge ◽  
Marla J MacAulay ◽  
Daniel P Toews
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Poincaré Plot ◽  
Plot Analysis ◽  
Lymph Heart ◽  
Systemic Heart ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanisms

Early investigations into amphibian lymph heart function established that lymph heart contractions were synchronous with neither the systemic heart, nor the lungs, nor each other. However, the present study concludes that there is synchronization between the cardiac heart and the lymph hearts and that the posterior lymph hearts in both Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802 and Bufo marinus (L., 1758) beat synchronously as well. Pressure peaks were recorded through cannulation of the ischiatic artery and each posterior lymph heart and subsequently analyzed to determine the time differences between arterial diastole and lymph heart systole or between two bilateral lymph heart systoles. Results show that there is clear synchronization between the lymph heart systoles of two bilateral posterior lymph hearts. This lymph heart synchrony is further supported by using Poincaré plot analysis to visually compare the lymph heart inter-beats. Cardiac heart and lymph heart contractions also show a degree of synchronization, even though the lymph hearts beat up to three times as fast as the cardiac heart. These results support the conclusion that synchrony is characteristic of the anuran lymphatic system and that synchronization of the cardiac heart and the lymph hearts could impart an energetic advantage that benefits fluid homeostatic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Retinoid processing in retinal pigment epithelium of toad (Bufo marinus).

1994 ◽  
Vol 269 (35) ◽  
pp. 21983-21989 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.I. Okajima ◽  
B. Wiggert ◽  
G.J. Chader ◽  
D.R. Pepperberg
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Toad Bufo
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