scholarly journals Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Dallas County, Texas: Results from Population‐Based Surveillance in 1995

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pastor ◽  
Francinne Medley ◽  
Trudy V. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dallas County

scholarly journals Coeliac disease and invasive pneumococcal disease: a population-based cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 1203-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. RÖCKERT TJERNBERG ◽  
J. BONNEDAHL ◽  
M. INGHAMMAR ◽  
A. EGESTEN ◽  
G. KAHLMETER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Severe Infections

SUMMARYSevere infections are recognized complications of coeliac disease (CD). In the present study we aimed to examine whether individuals with CD are at increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). To do so, we performed a population-based cohort study including 29 012 individuals with biopsy-proven CD identified through biopsy reports from all pathology departments in Sweden. Each individual with CD was matched with up to five controls (n = 144 257). IPD events were identified through regional and national microbiological databases, including the National Surveillance System for Infectious Diseases. We used Cox regression analyses to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for diagnosed IPD. A total of 207 individuals had a record of IPD whereas 45/29 012 had CD (0·15%) and 162/144 257 were controls (0·11%). This corresponded to a 46% increased risk for IPD [HR 1·46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·05–2·03]. The risk estimate was similar after adjustment for socioeconomic status, educational level and comorbidities, but then failed to attain statistical significance (adjusted HR 1·40, 95% CI 0·99–1·97). Nonetheless, our study shows a trend towards an increased risk for IPD in CD patients. The findings support results seen in earlier research and taking that into consideration individuals with CD may be considered for pneumococcal vaccination.

scholarly journals Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: Still Lots to Learn and a Need for Standardized Data Collection Instruments

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Marrie ◽  
G. J. Tyrrell ◽  
Sumit R. Majumdar ◽  
Dean T. Eurich
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Time Of Admission

Background.Large studies of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) are frequently lacking detailed clinical information.Methods.A population-based 15-year study of IPD in Northern Alberta.Results.2435 patients with a mean age of 54.2 years formed the study group. Males outnumbered females and Aboriginal and homeless persons were overrepresented. High rates of smoking, excessive alcohol use, and illicit drug use were seen. Almost all (87%) had a major comorbidity and 15% had functional limitations prior to admission. Bacteremia, pneumonia, and meningitis were the most common major manifestations of IPD. Almost half of the patients had alteration of mental status at the time of admission and 22% required mechanical ventilation. Myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and new onset stroke occurred in 1.7, 1.3, and 1.1% of the patients, respectively; of those who had echocardiograms, 35% had impaired ventricular function. The overall in-hospital mortality was 15.6%.Conclusions.IPD remains a serious infection in adults. In addition to immunization, preventative measures need to consider the sociodemographic features more carefully. A standard set of data need to be collected so that comparisons can be made from study to study. Future investigations should target cardiac function and pulmonary embolism prevention in this population.

Increased long-term mortality after survival of invasive pneumococcal disease: a population-based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Kristian Floeystad ◽  
Are Holm ◽  
Leiv Sandvik ◽  
Didrik Frimann Vestrheim ◽  
Bjorn Brandsaeter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Long Term Mortality

scholarly journals Population-based estimates of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Gidding ◽  
Hannah Moore ◽  
Lisa McCallum ◽  
Parveen Fathima ◽  
Thomas Snelling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Universal Program ◽  
National Immunisation

ABSTRACTObjectivesAustralia’s Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) is one of only a handful of national immunisation registers world-wide. We have, for the first time, linked the ACIR to other health datasets to measure the real-world impact of Australia’s immunisation program. In this study, we aimed to assess the population-based effectiveness of the 3-dose infant pneumococcal vaccination program (due at 2, 4, and 6 months) against invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes. The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has been available since 2001 and a funded universal program started in 2005 (with a switch to 13-valent PCV in 2011). ApproachVaccination records from ACIR, death records, and invasive pneumococcal disease notifications for 2001-2013 were individually linked for 1.37 million children born in 2001-2012 in two Australian states (Western Australia and New South Wales). A Cox proportional hazards model (adjusting for sex, Indigenous status and year of birth) was used to estimate the hazard ratio for invasive pneumococcal disease in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated children less than 2 years old. The per cent of disease prevented by vaccination, or vaccine effectiveness, was calculated as (1-adjusted hazard ratio) x 100%. ResultsFrom 2005, vaccination coverage with dose 3 of the pneumococcal vaccine was steady at ~91% in eligible cohorts. Between 2001 and 2013, there were 468 notifications of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes during 2.66 million person years of observation; only 39 (8.3%) of these cases occurred after the universal program was implemented. Vaccine effectiveness against invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes for 1, 2 and 3 doses of the pneumococcal vaccine was 68% (95%CI: 44-89%), 93% (81-97%), and 92% (95%CI: 86-93%), respectively. ConclusionThis is the first study to link Australia’s national immunisation register and measure population-based vaccine effectiveness. The study provides robust evidence of the effectiveness of at least 2 doses of pneumococcal vaccine against vaccine serotype specific infection using a 3 dose infant schedule.

scholarly journals The Risk of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Differs between Risk Groups in Norway Following Widespread Use of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Vaccine in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1774
Author(s):  
Brita Askeland Winje ◽  
Didrik Frimann Vestrheim ◽  
Richard Aubrey White ◽  
Anneke Steens
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Medical Risk ◽  
Icd 10

The elderly and adults with medical risk conditions remain at high risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), highlighting the importance of adequate preventive efforts. In an observational population-based study in Norway (pop ≥ 5 years, 2009–2017) covering six years post-PCV13 implementation, we explored the incidence and risk of IPD associated with age and comorbidities. We obtained the data on 5535 IPD cases from the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases and the population data from Statistics Norway. To define comorbidities, we obtained ICD-10 codes from the Norwegian Patient Registry for the cases and the Norwegian population. The average annual decrease in PCV13 IPD incidence was significant in all risk groups and decreased post-PCV13 introduction by 16–20% per risk group, implying a nondifferential indirect protection from the childhood vaccination. The IPD incidence remained high in the medical risk groups. The relative importance of medical risk conditions was 2.8 to 6 times higher in those aged 5–64 versus ≥65 years for all types of IPD, since age itself is a risk factor for IPD. In groups without medical risk, the risk of IPD was eight times higher in those aged ≥65 compared to those 5–64 years (RR 8.3 (95% CI 7.3–9.5)). Our results underscore the need for age- and risk-group-based prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Serotype epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Swiss adults: A nationwide population-based study

Vaccine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (40) ◽  
pp. 5185-5191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurka Meichtry ◽  
Rita Born ◽  
Marianne Küffer ◽  
Marcel Zwahlen ◽  
Werner C. Albrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study

scholarly journals Direct, indirect and total effects of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease in children in Navarra, Spain, 2001 to 2014: cohort and case–control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Guevara ◽  
Aurelio Barricarte ◽  
Luis Torroba ◽  
Mercedes Herranz ◽  
Alberto Gil-Setas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Conjugate Vaccination ◽  
Control Study

We estimated the direct, indirect and total effects of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children. A population-based cohort study followed children aged between 2.5 and 59 months between 2001 and 2014 in Navarra, Spain. IPD incidence was compared by PCV status and period. All cases diagnosed from July 2010 to December 2014 and eight matched controls per case were analysed to estimate the adjusted direct effect of PCV13. A total of 120,980 children were followed and 206 IPD cases were detected. Compared with unvaccinated children in the baseline period (2001–2004), overall IPD incidence in 2011–2014 (76% average PCV coverage) declined equally in vaccinated (total effect: 76%; hazard ratio (HR): 0.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14–0.40) and unvaccinated children (indirect effect: 78%; HR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.09–0.55). IPD incidence from non-PCV13 serotypes increased among vaccinated children (HR: 2.84; 95% CI: 1.02–7.88). The direct effect of one or more doses of PCV13 against vaccine serotypes was 95% (odds ratio: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01–0.55). PCV13 was highly effective in preventing vaccine-serotype IPD. The results suggest substantial and similar population-level vaccine benefits in vaccinated and unvaccinated children through strong total and indirect effects.

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