Conversion of Prevalence Survey Data on Nosocomial Infections to Incidence Estimates: A Simplified Tool for Surveillance?

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 633-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Berthelot ◽  
Maud Garnier ◽  
Pascal Fascia ◽  
Stéphane Guyomarch ◽  
Richard Jospé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Over Time

We calculated the incidence of nosocomial infection in 2 intensive care units (ICUs) on the basis of prevalence data recorded from 1997 through 2002 and compared these estimates to cumulative incidences measured in the 2 ICUs during the same period to investigate the feasibility and the reliability of converting prevalence data to incidence estimates. Decreases in the calculated and measured incidences over time in the ICUs were found to be statistically significantly related.

Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nosocomial Infections in Intensive Care Units in Lyon University Hospitals, France, 2003-2006

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moalla ◽  
D. Baratin ◽  
M. Giard ◽  
P. Vanhems
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

We describe the trends in the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Lyon hospitals from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2006. The incidence rate decreased from 1.77 cases per 100 ICU patients in 2003 to 1.16 cases per 100 ICU patients in 2006, a reduction of 38.0% (P = .05).

scholarly journals “NEWS ON AIR!” - AIR SURVEILLANCE REPORT FROM INTENSIVE CARE UNITS OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barnini Banerjee ◽  
Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Vandana Ke ◽  
Archana Bupendra ◽  
Muralidhar Varma
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

ABSTRACTBackground: The role of airborne microorganisms in the nosocomial infections is debatable since past. Very limited and inconclusive data availableabout the contribution of the air microflora, especially the multidrug resistant (MDR) one, to the hospital-acquired infections in the Intensive CareUnits (ICUs).Objective: To analyze the microbial population and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the indoor air in relation to the nosocomial infectionsin the different ICUs at different periods in the tertiary care hospital.Methods: Microbial monitoring of the air was performed in 5 different ICUs for 1 year by passive sampling method.Results: A total of 221 air samples were collected for 1 year from five different ICUs. 92.53% were Gram-positive bacteria and 8.11% were Gramnegativebacteria. Staphylococcus spp. (34.21%) and Acinetobacter spp. (63.04%) were the most common isolated bacteria among Gram-positiveand Gram-negative organisms, respectively, and among the fungal isolates, all of them were Aspergillus spp. (5.84%) from the air sample. Ventilatorassociatedpneumonia was the most common nosocomial infection and Acinetobacter spp. was the frequently isolated MDR organism.Conclusion: Air could be the major source of nosocomial infections by MDR Gram-negative organisms in the ICUs which require special attention andsurveillance.Keywords: Air sampling, Intensive Care Units, Multidrug-resistant organisms, Nosocomial infection.

Impact of Nosocomial Infection on Cost of Illness and Length of Stay in Intensive Care Units

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-Yin Chen ◽  
Yi-Chang Chou ◽  
Pesus Chou
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:Economic evaluation has become increasingly important in healthcare and infection control. This study evaluated the impact of nosocomial infections on cost of illness and length of stay (LOS) in intensive care units (ICUs).Design:A retrospective cohort study.Setting:Medical, surgical, and mixed medical and surgical ICUs in a tertiary-care referral medical center.Patients:Patients admitted to adult ICUs between October 2001 and June 2002 were eligible for the study.Methods:Estimates of the cost and LOS for patients who acquired a nosocomial infection were computed using a stratified analysis and regression approach.Results:During the study period, 778 patients were admitted to the ICUs. Total costs for patients with and without nosocomial infections (median cost, $10,354 and $3,985, respectively) were significantly different (P < .05). The costs stratified by infection site (median differences from $4,687 to $7,365) and primary diagnosis (median differences from $5,585 to $16,507) were also significantly different (P < .05) except for surgical-site infection. After covariates were adjusted for in the multiple linear regression, nosocomial infection increased the total costs by $3,306 per patient and increased the LOS by 18.2 days per patient (P < .001). Each additional day spent in the ICU increased the cost per patient by $353 (P < .001).Conclusions:Nosocomial infections are associated with increased cost of illness and LOS. Prevention of nosocomial infections should reduce direct costs and decrease the LOS.

scholarly journals Nosocomial infections in the pediatric intensive care units in Lithuania

Medicina ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Ašembergienė ◽  
Vaidotas Gurskis ◽  
Rimantas Kėvalas ◽  
Rolanda Valintėlienė
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Units ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
First And Second Generation

Objective. The aim of the study was to collect the data on incidence rates, pathogens of nosocomial infections, and antimicrobials for treatment of nosocomial infections. Material and methods. Data were collected between March 2003 and December 2005 in five pediatric intensive care units using a modified patient-based HELICS protocol. Nosocomial infection was identified using the Centers for Disease Control definitions. All patients aged between 1 month and 18 years that stayed in the units for more than 48 hours were eligible for inclusion in this study. Results. A total of 1239 patient admissions and 7601 patient-days were evaluated. In 169 children (13.6%), 186 nosocomial infections occurred. The incidence density was 24.5 per 1000 patient-days, the incidence rate – 15.0 per 100 admissions. The highest incidence density was observed in the 6–12-year age group (31.2 per 1000 bed-days). Nosocomial infection rates per 1000 device-days were 28.8 for ventilator-associated pneumonia, 7.7 – for bloodstream infection, and 3.4 – for urinary tract infection. The most common site of infection was respiratory tract (58.8%). Secondary bacteremia developed in 18 (10.6%) patients. Haemophilus influenzae (20.1%), Acinetobacter spp. (14.2%), and Staphylococcus aureus (17.6%) were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. The most common antimicrobials used were first- and second-generation cephalosporins 74 (31.0%) and broad-spectrum penicillins 70 (29.3%). Conclusions. In Lithuanian pediatric intensive care units, the incidence rates of nosocomial infections were comparable to the available data from other countries, except for the ventilatorassociated pneumonia rate, which was relatively high. H. influenzae, Acinetobacter spp., and S. aureus were the most prevalent pathogens. The first- and second-generation cephalosporins and broad-spectrum penicillins were the most common antimicrobials in the treatment of nosocomial infections

Nosocomial Infections in Combined Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Units in the United States

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 510-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Richards ◽  
Jonathan R. Edwards ◽  
David H. Culver ◽  
Robert P. Gaynes ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Nosocomial Pneumonia ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Major Teaching ◽  
Device Associated Infection

Objective:To describe the epidemiology of nosocomial infections in combined medical-surgical (MS) intensive care units (ICUs) participating in the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) System.Design:Analysis of surveillance data on 498,998 patients with 1,554,070 patient-days, collected between 1992 and 1998 from 205 MS ICUs following the NNIS Intensive Care Unit protocol, representing 152 participating NNIS hospitals in the United States.Results:Infections at three major sites represented 68% of all reported infections (nosocomial pneumonia, 31%; urinary tract infections (UTIs), 23%; and primary bloodstream infections (BSIs), 14%: 83% of episodes of nosocomial pneumonia were associated with mechanical ventilation, 97% of UTIs occurred in catheterized patients, and 87% of primary BSIs in patients with a central line. In patients with primary BSIs, coagulase-negative staphylococci (39%) were the most common pathogens reported; Staphylococcus aureus (12%) was as frequently reported as enterococci (11%). Coagulase-negative staphylococcal BSIs were increasingly reported over the 6 years, but no increase was seen in candidemia or enterococcal bacteremia. In patients with pneumonia, S aureus (17%) was the most frequently reported isolate. Of reported isolates, 59% were gram-negative bacilli. In patients with UTIs, Escherichia coli (19%) was the most frequently reported isolate. Of reported isolates, 31% were fungi. In patients with surgical-site infections, Enterococcus (17%) was the single most frequently reported pathogen. Device-associated nosocomial infection rates for BSIs, pneumonia, and UTIs did not correlate with length of ICU stay, hospital bed size, number of beds in die ICU, or season. Combined MS ICUs in major teaching hospitals had higher device-associated infection rates compared to all other hospitals with combined medical-surgical units.Conclusions:Nosocomial infections in MS ICUs at the most frequent infection sites (bloodstream, urinary, and respiratory tract) almost always were associated with use of an invasive device. Device-associated infection rates were die best available comparative rates between combined MS ICUs, but the distribution of device-associated rates should be stratified by a hospital's major teaching affiliation status.

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