Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance ofStaphylococcus aureusIsolates in a Dental Clinic Environment

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Heládio Lopes Motta ◽  
Francisco Carlos Groppo ◽  
Cristiane de Cássia Bergamaschi ◽  
Juliana Cama Ramacciato ◽  
Sinvaldo Baglie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests

Objective.To determine the number ofStaphylococcus aureusisolates collected in a dental clinical environment and to determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents commonly used in dentistry.Setting.Undergraduate clinic of the Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Brazil.Methods.Sterile cotton swabs were used to collect the samples from dental-chair push buttons, light handles, 3-in-l syringes, computer “Enter” keys, doorknobs, and X-ray tubes before, during, and after clinical procedures. These samples were spread on brain-heart infusion agar and were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The resultingS. aureusisolates were counted and classified using Gram staining and biochemical tests. The counts among the 3 periods and the groups were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α= 5%). Commercial paper disks containing widely prescribed antimicrobial agents (β-lactams, macrolides, clindamycin, and vancomycin) were used to perform the antimicrobial susceptibility tests.Results.An increase in the number of microorganisms was observed during clinical procedures (P< .05). The highest bacterial resistance rates were observed for theβ-lactam group. All isolated strains were sensitive to vancomycin, and 2% of them were resistant to methicillin.Conclusions.Clinical procedures increased the number and proportion of antimicrobial-resistantS. aureusisolates dispersed in a dental clinical environment. The present study highlights the need to establish strategies to prevent emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains in dental settings.

The Activity of Alkanna Species in vitro Culture and Intact Plant Extracts Against Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 1861-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naira Sahakyan ◽  
Margarit Petrosyan ◽  
Armen Trchounian
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Overcoming the antibiotic resistance is nowadays a challenge. There is still no clear strategy to combat this problem. Therefore, the urgent need to find new sources of antibacterial agents exists. According to some literature, substances of plant origin are able to overcome bacterial resistance against antibiotics. Alkanna species plants are among the valuable producers of these metabolites. But there is a problem of obtaining the standardized product. So, this review is focused on the discussion of the possibilities of biotechnological production of antimicrobial agents from Alkanna genus species against some microorganisms including antibiotic resistant bacterial strains.

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY RELEVANT BACTERIA FROM MARINE ENVIRONMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suganthi Thevarajoo ◽  
Chitra Selvaratnam ◽  
Kian Mau Goh ◽  
Fazilah Abd. Manan ◽  
Zaharah Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Marine environment remained as largely unexplored source for researchers to discover marine microorganisms with novel properties. This study aims to isolate marine bacteria from the seashore of Desaru, Malaysia. Totally, six bacterial strains were successfully obtained and were identified by complete 16S rRNA sequencing. The characterizations of bacterial strains were performed based on morphological tests, Gram-staining, biochemical tests, and antibiotic sensitivity. The 16S rRNA sequence of D-2, D-4, D-7, D-15, D-31, and D-33 revealed a high identity of 97 to 99% with taxa belong to genera of Pseudomonas, Marinomonas, Exiquobacterium, Micrococcus, Pseudoalteromonas, and Shewanella respectively. Strain D-31 exhibited higher tolerance towards antibiotics kanamycin, ampicillin, and erythromycin while the growth of other strains were retarded by at least two of these antibiotics. We further characterized strain D-4 and D-31 that belonged to Marinomonas sp. and Pseudoalteromonas sp.. Both genera are interesting as earlier researchers have discovered new antibacterial substances, industrial enzymes and unique secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Detection of SHV and TEM-type Extended spectrum β-lactamase in bacterial isolates recovered from clinical samples of patients attending military hospitals in South-South Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Helen Oroboghae Ogefere ◽  
Samuel E. Iriah ◽  
Ephraim Ehidiamen Ibadin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Military Hospitals ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Phenotypic Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests

Background<br />Multi-drug resistant bacterial strains have been increasingly implicated in clinical infections worldwide and beta-lactamase production is one of the commonest mechanisms of resistance in these strains. This study investigated the prevalence of extended spectrum â-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates and determined the temoneira (TEM) and sulfhydryl variable (SHV) types implicated in two military hospitals in South-South Nigeria. <br /><br />Methods<br />Three-hundred and eighty (380) consecutive non-duplicate bacterial isolates (Gram negative bacilli) recovered from clinical samples were identified following standard techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed for each isolate following the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Bacterial isolates recovered which comprised Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened for ESBL using a phenotypic method (double disc synergy test). All positive isolates were screened for TEM and SHV genes by PCR method. <br /><br />Results<br />Sixty-five isolates (17.1%) were ESBL producing using phenotypic method, E. coli showed the highest ESBL prevalence (24.3%). One isolate was SHV positive (1.5%), 8 (12.3%) were TEM positive while 3 (4.6%) isolates harbored both SHV and TEM genes. Fluoroquinolone - ofloxacin showed marked activity against ESBL-producing isolates (90.8%) while the least active were ceftriaxone (9.2%), ceftazidime (3.1%) and ampicillin (1.5%). <br /><br />Conclusion<br />This study demonstrated that 17.1% of Gram-negative bacilli were ESBL producers. Screening of clinical isolates for ESBL should be implemented. The findings of this study suggest the need for caution in the use of antimicrobial agents in order to curb the incidence of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Impact of Strain Competition on Bacterial Resistance in Immunocompromised Populations

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley A. DeNegre ◽  
Kellen Myers ◽  
Nina H. Fefferman
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
Frequent Use

Despite the risk of emerging drug resistance that occurs with the frequent use of antimicrobial agents, targeted and prophylactic antibiotics have been considered crucial to opportunistic infection management among the HIV/AIDS-immunocompromised. As we recently demonstrated, the disrupted selective pressures that occur in AIDS-prevalent host populations increase the probability of novel emergence. This effect is concerning, given that bacterial strains unresponsive to first-line antibiotics can be particularly dangerous to hosts whose immune response is insufficient to fight infection in the absence of antibiotic support. While greater host susceptibility within a highly immunocompromised population may offer a fitness advantage to drug-resistant bacterial strains, this advantage could be mitigated by increased morbidity and mortality among the AIDS-immunocompromised. Using a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) epidemiological model parameterized to reflect conditions in an AIDS-prevalent host population, we examine the evolutionary relationship between drug-sensitive and -resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We explore this relationship when the fitness of the resistant strain is varied relative to that of the sensitive strain to investigate the likely long-term multi-strain dynamics of the AIDS-mediated increased emergence of drug resistance.

scholarly journals Pedobacter glucosidilyticus sp. nov., isolated from dry riverbed soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuesong Luo ◽  
Zhang Wang ◽  
Jun Dai ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Respiratory Quinone ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Major Respiratory Quinone ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Two Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strains, 1-2T and 1-4 were isolated from dry riverbed soil collected from the Xietongmen area of Tibet, China. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the novel strains were shown to belong to the genus Pedobacter, sharing <95 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Pedobacter. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c). The DNA G+C contents were 37.2–37.6 mol%. Chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of the two new isolates to the genus Pedobacter and the results of physiological and biochemical tests confirmed that the new strains differed significantly from the recognized species of the genus Pedobacter. Therefore, the new isolates represent a novel species within the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter glucosidilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1-2T (=CCTCC AB 206110T=KCTC 22438T).

scholarly journals Resistance Index of Penicillin-Resistant Bacteria to Various Physicochemical Agents

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
M. Kazemi ◽  
R. Kasra Kermanshahi ◽  
E. Heshmat Dehkordi ◽  
F. Payami ◽  
M. Behjati
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Widespread use of various antimicrobial agents resulted in the emergence of bacterial resistance. Mechanisms like direct efflux, formation, and sequestration of metals and drugs in complexes and antiporter pumps are some examples. This investigation aims to investigate the resistance pattern of penicillin-resistant bacterial strains to some physicochemical agents. Sensitivity/resistance pattern of common bacterial strains to antimicrobial agents were evaluated by disk diffusion assay. Broth and agar dilution method were used for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration. The impact of UV ray on the bacterial growth under laminar flow hood was measured using photonmeter. Our data demonstrates that the most prevalent metal resistance was against arsenate (95.92%), followed by cadmium (52.04%) and mercury (36.73%). There was significant difference between cetrimide resistances among studied microbial strains especially for P. aeruginosa (). High rate of pathogen resistance to various antibacterial agents in our study supports previously published data. This great rate of bacterial resistance is attributed to the emergence of defense mechanisms developed in pathogens. The higher general bacterial resistance rate among Staphylococcus strains rather than E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains draws attention towards focusing on designing newer therapeutic compounds for Staphylococcus strains.

scholarly journals Bacterial Aetiology and Susceptibility of Pathogens Associated with Acne Vulgaris

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Deborah Pusushottam ◽  
Nasepogu Padmaja ◽  
A Venkateshwara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Bacterial Aetiology ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction: Acne vulgaris is a pilosebaceous disorder among youth during puberty and also in young adults. Hormonal imbalance, bacterial activity and inflammation can cause acne formation. Due to some anti-inflammatory effects and temporary self treatment of acne using some antibiotics, there is overuse/ improper use of antimicrobial agents which leads to resistance in bacterial strains. Aim: To provide an overview of bacteria that may cause acne and determine their susceptibility to antibiotics and reduce the overuse of antibiotics which leads to antibiotic resistance. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done on samples from from 100 patients with chief complaints of acne, attending Dermatology Department at Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation (KIMS RF). This study was done between November 2019 to February 2021. Acne pustules were cultured on all the basic media like blood agar and Mac Conkey agar, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Bacterial identification was performed by gram staining and relevant biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was done based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2019. Data was calculated and analysed statistically by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: Total 100 participants were taken for the study. Females (63%) were more commonly affected as compared to males (37%) and the most commonly affected age group was teenage i.e., 10 to 20 years in both male and females. Among 100 subjects, 77 cases showed bacterial growth by aerobic and anaerobic culture and 23 cases showed negative for bacterial culture. All isolates were susceptible to rifampin (100%) (p<0.001). Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) was susceptible to doxycycline (88.8%) and minocycline (88.8%), while 22.3% was resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline while 33.3% showed resistance to ofloxacin. Gram positive cocci like Staphylococcus epidermidis (S.epidermidis) was susceptible to the antibiotic minocycline and rifampin (100%); but resistant to quinolines like ofloxacin (52.5%) macrolides like erythromycin (62.5%), clindamycin (47.5%) and tetracycline (17.5%). The susceptibility of gram positive cocci like S. epidermidis to doxycycline was (87.5%), which was lower than that of P. acnes (88.8%). Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was found to be sensitive to minocycline (90.9%), doxycycline (72.7%), clindamycin (63.6%), and tetracycline (63.6%); but it was resistant to macrolide like erythromycin (45.5%) and quinolines like ofloxacin (36.5%). Conclusion: This study suggested that bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity can be better suggested if the culture and sensitivity is available so that, sensitivity and resistant pattern is known. The use of clindamycin and macrolide (erythromycin) needs to be reduced as most gram positive cocci like S. epidermidis were resistant to both.

scholarly journals An in vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Kishore Bhat ◽  
Abdulpur Mallikarjun Savita ◽  
Charu Dawra
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Mic Value

ABSTRACT Introduction Development of bacterial resistance to the available antibiotics and increasing popularity of traditional medicine has led researchers to investigate the antibacterial compounds in plants. In this context, curcumin has been shown to have a range of beneficial properties, like antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, which might be favorable for the treatment of inflammatory diseases like periodontitis. Aims and objectives The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of curcumin against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 29523). Materials and methods The bacterial strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans from the stock were revived and transferred to sterile brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by serial broth dilution of curcumin. The last tube with clear supernatant was considered to be without any growth and taken as MIC value. Results The mean MIC value of curcumin against A. actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 29523) was reported to be 0.2 μg/ml. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that the pleiotropic activities of curcumin derived from its complex chemistry and its ability to influence and control the multiple signaling pathways, makes it a suitable and safer option for the treatment of periodontal diseases. How to cite this article Savita AM, Dawra C, Bhat K. An in vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. World J Dent 2015;6(1):16-19.

Isolation, identification and characterization of bacteria from Lawachara National Park, Moulovibazar, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 2211-2216
Author(s):  
R. Hasan ◽  
M. N. H. Rony ◽  
M. S. A. Sarker ◽  
M. Z. Tareq ◽  
R. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Staining

Bacteria are essential elements of natural environments. As bacteria are the key critical components of food webs and nutrient cycles, they contribute to ecosystem functioning via mutualists and pathogens for larger species. The present study has provided substantial grounds to confirm that microbial communities present in natural environments are much more diverse. Here, we tend to study a singular environment Lawachara National Park. Total 125 bacterial strains were isolated using serial dilution method. Thirteen unique colonies were selected, cultured and characterized by gram staining and biochemical tests. Based on morphological, biochemical, 16S rDNA gene sequencing and phylogeny analysis revealed that the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringensis, Serratia marcescens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterobacter cowanii, Acidobacterium capsulatum, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. This study serves as a baseline survey of bacterial diversity in the Lawachara National Park.

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 3-FORMYL INDOLE BASED SCHIFF BASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Singh Gurvinder ◽  
Singh Prabhsimran ◽  
Dhawan R. K.
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

In order to develop new antimicrobial agents, a series of 3-formyl indole based Schiff bases were synthesized by reacting 3-formyl indole(indole-3-carboxaldehyde) with substituted aniline taking ethanol as solvent. The reaction was carried in the presence of small amount of p-toluene sulphonic acid as catalyst.All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR spectral analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against two gram positive bacterial strains (B. subtilisand S. aureus) and two gram negative bacterial strains (P. aeruginosaand E. coli) and one fungal strain (C. albicans). All the synthesized compounds were found to have moderate to good antimicrobial activity. The  standard drug amoxicillin, fluconazole were used for antimicrobial activity. Among the synthesized compounds, the maximum antimicrobial activity was shown by compounds GS04, GS07, GS08 and GS10.

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