Bacterial and Fungal Counts in Hospital Air: Comparative Yields for 4 Sieve Impactor Air Samplers With 2 Culture Media

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1405-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Gangneux ◽  
Florence Robert-Gangneux ◽  
Guirec Gicquel ◽  
Jean-Jacques Tanquerel ◽  
Sylviane Chevrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Malt Extract Agar ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Extract Agar

We compared the yields of 4 recently developed sieve impactor air samplers that meet international standard ISO 14698-1, using 2 growth media (tryptic soy agar and malt extract agar) in real conditions of use. Several hospital sites expected to have different densities of airborne microflora were selected in 2 hospitals. The Samplair MK2, Air Ideal, and Mas-100 samplers yielded higher bacterial counts than did the SAS Super-100 device (P<.05). No significant differences in fungal counts were noted between the 4 devices. The use of malt extract agar in addition to tryptic soy agar significantly improved the fungal yield.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF Fusarium oxysporum ISOLATES AND RESISTANCE OF PASSION FRUIT GENOTYPES TO FUSARIOSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
LETÍCIA MAGALHÃES TEIXEIRA ◽  
LÍSIAS COELHO ◽  
NILVANIRA DONIZETE TEBALDI
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Malt Extract Agar ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Extract Agar

ABSTRACT Passion fruit wilt, caused by Fusarium spp., is one of the most severe diseases for this crop. Although yellow passion fruit is propagated mostly by seeds, the use of rootstocks tolerant to early death could be a management strategy for cultivation in areas with disease history. Thus, this study characterized Fusarium isolates obtained in Triângulo Mineiro and determined the most suitable genotype to use for grafting to reduce losses caused by this pathogen. Mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium isolates, in three different growth media, was quantified by measuring colony diameter and by counting the conidia in Neubauer chamber 10 days after growth in malt extract-agar 2%, PDA or CMA at 22 ± 3ºC and 12 hours lighting. Five days later the color of the colonies was evaluated. The experimental design was a 4x3 factorial completely randomized design, with five replications. Characterization of morphological structures of isolates was done with minimum cultivation in Malt extract-agar 2% amended with sterilized soil + sand (1:1). Three Passiflora species and two seedling types were used as rootstock to evaluate field resistance to fusariosis, in a randomized block design, as a 3x2 factorial, with three Passiflora species (P. alata, P. setacea and P. edulis) and two seedling types (ungrafted or grafted with P. edulis). The medium PDA was the least favorable for mycelial growth of the isolates. The best medium for conidium production was Malt extract and the most sporulating isolates were Fus-01 and Fus-02. Isolate color varied from white to pink to violet. Only Fus-02 and Fus-04 formed macro and microconidia. Shape, dimensions and septa number of macroconidia and microconidia, as well as the presence of characteristic monophyalides allowed the classification of all isolates as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae. Passiflora alata and P. setacea, used as rootstocks for P. edulis in the field, were resistant to fusariosis. Despite its low survival, P. edulis grafted on itsef, promoted similar growth of secondary branches as P. setacea in the field.

scholarly journals عزل وتعريف واختبار كفاءة بعض الفطريات في تحلل الهيدروكربون من التربة الملوثة بالنفط

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
سعاد محمد خليفة أبوالغيث ◽  
أحلام القمودي محمد زعيط
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Malt Extract Agar ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Extract Agar

استهدفت هذه الدراسة عزل بعض أنواع الفطريات من التربة الملوثة بالهيدروكربون بمصفاة الزاوية لتكرير النفط، حيث تم عزل وتعريف بعض الفطريات مثل Rhizopus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans وأوضحت نتائج هذه الدراسة أن تواجد وتنوع فطر Aspergillus قد تفوق معنويا مقارنة بتواجد وتنوع فطرRhizopus. كما تم في هذه الدراسة اختبار قدرة وكفاءة الفطريات المعزولة على النمو واستغلال المركبات الهيدروكربونية المتمثلة في زيت الحمادة وزيت الشرارة بتركيز 1% و3%، حيث أوضحت النتائج بأن جنس Rhizopus سجل أعلى معدل للنمو على الوسط الغذائي Malt Extract Agar، وسجل كلا من فطر A. fumigatus وفطر A. flavus معدّل النمو القطري أعلى معنويا من النمو القطري لفطرA. niger  وفطر A. nidulans. هذه المعدّلات العالية تدل على إمكانية استخدام الفطريات المعزولة في المعالجة البيولوجية للتربة الملوّثة بالنفط.

PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE PYCNOPORUS SPECIES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1073-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence Madhosingh
Keyword(s):  
Malt Extract Agar ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Extract Agar ◽  
Intraspecific Variations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spot Tests ◽  
Physiological Studies

The physiology of three groups of morphologically similar wood-rotting polypores, which produce extracellular oxidases as indicated by positive reactions with guaiacol, was studied comparatively.The inability to oxidize tyrosine and phenols, including guaiacol, in 'spot tests' distinguished P. cinnabarinus (Jacq. ex Fr.) Karst. from P. sanguineus (L. ex Fr.) Murr. and P. coccineus (Fr.) Bond. and Sing. growing on a tyrosine medium.The possible application of these methods for obtaining more specific distinctions within the two larger groups, the 'guaiacum-positive', lignin-decomposing and the 'guaiacum-negative' organisms, is indicated.The three groups separated on the basis of differential growth on malt extract agar at 35.2 °C.P. cinnabarinus grew slower generally than P. sanguineus and P. coccineus on malt extract agar between 20 °C and 40 °C and on various nitrogenous and phenolic substrates.There were indications that differences in the history of the isolates might have been a factor contributing to the intraspecific variations observed in growth and pigmentation.The pigments obtained from malt extract cultures of the three groups were the same.Eighteen, out of a total of 41 different ninhydrin-reacting compounds, were common to all isolates of the three groups grown in asparagine medium. Three compounds were specific to certain groups and 20 were distributed randomly between the isolates.

Production of Secondary Metabolites by Some Terverticillate Penicillia on Carbohydrate-Rich and Meat Substrates

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2829-2836 ◽  
Author(s):  
FÉLIX NÚÑEZ ◽  
CARMEN D. WESTPHAL ◽  
ELENA BERMÚDEZ ◽  
MIGUEL A. ASENSIO
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Malt Extract Agar ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Meat Extract ◽  
Extract Agar ◽  
Dry Cured Ham

Most terverticillate penicillia isolated from dry-cured meat products are toxigenic, but their ability to produce hazardous metabolites on meat-based substrates is not well known. The production of extrolites by selected terverticillate penicillia isolated from dry-cured ham has been studied on carbohydrate-rich media (malt extract agar, Czapek yeast autolysate agar, rice extract agar, and rice), meat extract triolein salt agar, and ham slices. Chloroform extracts from the selected strains grown on malt extract agar were toxic for the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae and VERO cells at a concentration of 2 mg/ml, but 0.02 mg/ml produced no toxic effect. Analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with photodiode array detection (DAD) or with mass spectrometry (MS) and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source revealed different biologically active metabolites: cyclopiazonic acid and rugulovasine A from Penicillium commune; verrucosidin, anacine, puberuline, verrucofortine, and viridicatols from Penicillium polonicum; arisugacin and viridicatols from Penicillium echinulatum; and compactin and viridicatols from Penicillium solitum. Most of these metabolites, including the amino acid–derived compounds, were produced in the media containing high levels of carbohydrates. High concentrations of nitrogen compounds in the medium does not imply a greater production of the metabolites studied, not even those derived from the amino acids. However, molds growing on dry-cured ham are able to synthesize limited amounts of some secondary metabolites, a fact not previously reported. The combination of HPLC coupled with DAD and MS-APCI was useful for identification of closely related terverticillate Penicillium species from dry-cured ham. These techniques could be used to characterize the risk associated with the potential production of secondary metabolites in cured meats.

scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI KAPANG PADA PINDANG BANDENG (Chanos chanos) PRESTO

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Resmi Rumenta Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Malt Extract Agar ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
Extract Agar ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Yeast Extract Agar

Ikan pindang adalah salah satu olahan yang sangat disukai oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari produksi ikan pindang yang setiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan. Sebagai contoh di Kabupaten Bogor, produksi ikan pindang pada tahun 2013 sebesar 3.643,56 ton, meningkat menjadi 10.334,44ton pada tahun 2015. Ikan pindang disisi lain, sangat mudah mengalami kemunduran mutu disebabkan masih tingginya kadar air, pengemasan yang tidak memenuhi standar serta proses pengolahan yang pada umumnya kurang menerapkan prinsip sanitasi yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi kapang yang tumbuh pada bandeng presto. Sampel Bandeng presto diambil dari CV. Cindy Group. Kapang diisolasi dengan metode pengenceran bertingkat menggunakan media DRBC (Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar), kemudian diidentifikasi secara morfologi menggunakan media Malt Extract Agar dan Czapek’s Yeast Extract Agar. Nilai Aktivitas air (aw) bandeng presto memiliki kisaran rata-rata 0,96 – 0,97. Secara makroskopis terlihat adanya pertubuhan kapang pada permukaan ikan bandeng presto setelah penyimpanan selama 3 hari pada suhu ruang (20-250C). Sebanyak 5 isolat kapang diisolasi dari ikan pindang sampel bandeng presto. Hasil identifikasi secara mikroskopis diketahui bahwa kapang yang tumbuh ada ikan pindang tersebut adalah spesies Penicillium citrinum, Eurotium chevalieri, Fusarium solani, Fusarium sp, dan Cladosporium sp. Kadar aw ikan pindang resto yang masih tinggi (0,96-0,97) menyebabkan ikan pindang mengalami pembusukan yang diakibatkan oleh bakteri.  

scholarly journals Zone line formation on artificial media and in hardwoods by basidiomycetes for production of spalted wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 833-841
Author(s):  
Stephanie Gantz ◽  
Susanne Steudler ◽  
Hubertus Delenk ◽  
André Wagenführ ◽  
Thomas Bley
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Malt Extract Agar ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Line Formation ◽  
Wood Modification ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Extract Agar ◽  
Hardwood Species

AbstractOne of the visual modification of wood is the formation of dark zone lines (ZLs) via interaction of fungi. The result is called spalted wood, which has hitherto been produced mainly in small batches. The main goal of the present study is to further develop techniques for rapid formation of ZLs in hardwoods. Various white rot and brown rot fungi were tested to this purpose. Initially, interactions of 148 combinations of 17 basidiomycetes in malt extract agar were evaluated and their antagonistic interactions were characterised in order to identify fungal pairs capable of rapidly forming high-quality ZLs. Six types of interactions were observed, among others; antibiosis and inhibition in contact, which differ in terms of variables including mycelial overgrowth and zone line formation. Furthermore, 23 pairs of ZL forming fungi on malt extract agar were identified. Then the interactions of five selected pairs of fungi grown on the hardwood speciesAcer pseudoplatanusL.,Betula pendulaRoth. andPopulus nigraL. were examined to assess their utility for controlled mycological wood modification, also in terms of a possible substrate dependency of their interactions. The results indicate thatLentinus tigrinusfungus is one of the best and quickest producer of ZLs in mycological wood modification.

scholarly journals Temperature and Sporulation of Aquatic Hyphomycetes

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1522-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Chauvet ◽  
Keller Suberkropp
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Hyphomycetes ◽  
Malt Extract Agar ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Conidium Production ◽  
Extract Agar ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Two Parameters

ABSTRACT Temperature appears to be an important factor affecting the occurrence and distribution of aquatic hyphomycetes, the dominant leaf litter-decomposing fungi in streams. We compared conidium production by eight species of aquatic hyphomycetes grown on yellow poplar leaves in stream-simulating microcosms at three temperatures (15, 20, and 25°C). The greatest conidium production occurred at 15°C for one species, 20°C for two species, and 25°C for two species. Two species produced similar numbers of conidia at 20 and 25°C, and one species produced similar numbers of conidia at all three temperatures. Linear growth rates were determined on malt extract agar. Six species had the same pattern of temperature responses for growth on malt extract agar as for sporulation on leaves, as shown by the positive correlations between the two parameters at the three temperatures. The species examined also exhibited differences in number of conidia produced from a similar amount of leaf material at a given temperature. These differences appeared to be due primarily to differences in individual conidium mass (determined by weighing conidia produced from cultures), as shown by the relationship of the type Y = k/X (r 2 = 0.96), where Y is the number of conidia produced, X is the individual conidium mass in milligrams, and k is a constant empirically determined to be 2.11. This finding supports the hypothesis that aquatic hyphomycetes allocate similar amounts of their resources to reproduction but vary with respect how these resources are partitioned into reproductive units (conidia).

Fine Structure of Armillaria Mellea Hyphae

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
Arya K. Bal ◽  
Pritam Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Malt Extract Agar ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Extract Agar ◽  
Coniferous Plantations

Armillaria mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Rummer is an important pathogen, causing “shoe-string”root rot of forest trees; its impact on coniferous plantations in Newfoundland has been realized only recently. Growing interest in the fungus and the disease has led to research on the finer aspects of the pathogen. Attempts to elucidate the ultrastructure of the rhizomorph, have been made recently by Motta and that of the hyphae by Berliner and Duff. The present investigation includes certain aspects of the fine structure of young hyphae, hitherto not dealt with.The fungus was isolated from mycelial fans present under the bark of infected roots of Picea glauca (Moench) Voss and maintained on 2% Malt extract agar. Peripheral hyphae from 22 days old culture were scraped off from the surface of the medium and fixed in a mixture of paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde in Sorensen's buffer pH 7.2. This was followed by post osmication in 1% 0s04 and subsequent Epon embedding.

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