Use of Germicides in the Home and the Healthcare Setting Is There a Relationship Between Germicide Use and Antibiotic Resistance?

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1107-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Weber ◽  
William A. Rutala
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Altered Level ◽  
Healthcare Facilities

Background.The spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens represents an increasing threat in healthcare facilities. Concern has been expressed that the use of surface disinfectants and antiseptics may select for antibiotic-resistant pathogens.Objective.To review the scientific literature on whether there is a link between use of germicides (ie, disinfectants and antiseptics) and bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In addition, we will review whether antibiotic-resistant bacteria exhibit altered susceptibility to germicides that are recommended for use as disinfectants or antiseptics.Design.A review of the appropriate scientific literature.Results.In the laboratory, it has been possible to develop bacterial mutants with reduced susceptibility to disinfectants and antiseptics that also demonstrate decreased susceptibility to antibiotics. However, the antibiotic resistance described was not clinically relevant because the test organism was rarely a human pathogen, the altered level of antimicrobial susceptibility was within achievable serum levels for the antibiotic, or the antibiotic tested was not clinically used to treat the study pathogen. Similarly, wild-type strains with reduced susceptibility to disinfectants (principally, quaternary ammonium compounds) and antiseptics (principally, triclosan) have been reported. However, because the concentration of disinfectants used in the healthcare setting greatly exceeds the concentration required to kill strains with reduced susceptibility to disinfectants, the clinical relevance of these observations is questionable.Conclusion.To date, there is no evidence that using recommended antiseptics or disinfectants selects for antibiotic-resistant organisms in nature. Disinfectants and antiseptics should be used when there are scientific studies demonstrating benefit or when there is a strong theoretical rationale for using germicides.

The Activity of Alkanna Species in vitro Culture and Intact Plant Extracts Against Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 1861-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naira Sahakyan ◽  
Margarit Petrosyan ◽  
Armen Trchounian
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Overcoming the antibiotic resistance is nowadays a challenge. There is still no clear strategy to combat this problem. Therefore, the urgent need to find new sources of antibacterial agents exists. According to some literature, substances of plant origin are able to overcome bacterial resistance against antibiotics. Alkanna species plants are among the valuable producers of these metabolites. But there is a problem of obtaining the standardized product. So, this review is focused on the discussion of the possibilities of biotechnological production of antimicrobial agents from Alkanna genus species against some microorganisms including antibiotic resistant bacterial strains.

In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of Catheters Impregnated With Antiseptics or Antibiotics: Evaluation of the Risk of Bacterial Resistance to the Antimicrobials in the Catheters

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 640-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester A. Sampath ◽  
Suhas M. Tambe ◽  
Shanta M. Modak
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
In Vivo Efficacy ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

AbstractObjective:To compare the efficacy of a new antiseptic catheter containing silver sulfadiazine and chlorhexidine on the external surface and chlorhexidine in the lumens to an antibiotic catheter impregnated with minocycline and rifampin on its external and luminal surfaces.Design:Experimental trial.Methods:Antimicrobial spectrum of catheters was determined by zones of inhibition. Resistance to luminal colonization was tested in vitro by locking catheter lumens withStaphylococcus epidermidisorStaphylococcus aureusculture after 7 days of perfusion. In vitro development of resistance to the antiseptic or antibiotic combination used in catheters was investigated. In vivo efficacy was tested (rat subcutaneous model) by challenge with sensitive or antibiotic-resistant bacteria.Results:Antiseptic and antibiotic catheters exhibited broad-spectrum action. However, antibiotic catheters were not effective againstCandidaspecies andPseudomonas aeruginosa.Both catheters prevented luminal colonization. Compared to controls, both test catheters resisted colonization when challenged withS aureus7 and 14 days' postimplant (P<.05).Repeated in vitro exposure ofS epidermidisculture to the antibiotic and antiseptic combinations led to small increases in the minimum inhibitory concentration (15 times and 2 times, respectively). Unlike the antibiotic catheter, the in vitro and in vivo activity of the antiseptic catheter was unaffected by the resistance profile of the test organism. Antiseptic catheters were more effective than antibiotic catheters in preventing colonization by rifampin-resistantS epidermidisin vivo (P<.05).Conclusions:Antiseptic and antibiotic catheters exhibit similar efficacy; however, when challenged with a rifampin-resistant strain, the antibiotic catheter appeared to be more susceptible to colonization than the antiseptic device.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Diversified Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria within Sanitation Related Facilities of Human Populated Workplaces in Abbottabad

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawad Ali ◽  
Malik Owais Ullah Awan ◽  
Gulcin Akca ◽  
Iftikhar Zeb ◽  
Bilal AZ Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

AbstractAntibiotics discovery was a significant breakthrough in the field of therapeutic medicines, but the over (mis)use of such antibiotics (n parallel) caused the increasing number of resistant bacterial species at an ever-higher rate. This study was thus devised to assess the multi-drug resistant bacteria present in sanitation-related facilities in human workplaces. In this regard, samples were collected from different gender, location, and source-based facilities, and subsequent antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed on isolated bacterial strains. Four classes of the most commonly used antibiotics i.e., β-lactam, Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, and Sulphonamides, were evaluated against the isolated bacteria.The antibiotic resistance profile of different (70) bacterial strains showed that the antibiotic resistance-based clusters also followed the grouping based on their isolation sources, mainly the gender. Twenty-three bacterial strains were further selected for their 16s rRNA gene based molecular identification and for phylogenetic analysis to evaluate the taxonomic evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Moreover, the bacterial resistance to Sulphonamides and beta lactam was observed to be the most and to Aminoglycosides and macrolides as the least. Plasmid curing was also performed for MDR bacterial strains, which significantly abolished the resistance potential of bacterial strains for different antibiotics. These curing results suggested that the antibiotic resistance determinants in these purified bacterial strains are present on respective plasmids. Altogether, the data suggested that the human workplaces are the hotspot for the prevalence of MDR bacteria and thus may serve the source of horizontal gene transfer and further transmission to other environments.

scholarly journals Characterization of Environmental and Cultivable Antibiotic-Resistant Microbial Communities Associated with Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Sorgen ◽  
James Johnson ◽  
Kevin Lambirth ◽  
Sandra Clinton ◽  
Molly Redmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing global concern, threatening human and environ-mental health, particularly among urban populations. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are thought to be &ldquo;hotspots&rdquo; for antibiotic resistance dissemination. The conditions of WWTPs, in conjunction with the persistence of commonly used antibiotics, may favor the selection and trans-fer of resistance genes among bacterial populations. WWTPs provide an important ecological niche to examine the spread of antibiotic resistance. We used heterotrophic plate count methods to identify phenotypically resistant cultivable portions of these bacterial communities and charac-terized the composition of the culturable subset of these populations. Resistant taxa were more abundant in raw sewage and wastewater before the biological aeration treatment stage. While some antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) were detectable downstream of treated wastewater re-lease, these organisms are not enriched relative to effluent-free upstream water, indicating effi-cient removal during treatment. Combined culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses revealed a stark difference in community composition between culturable fractions and the envi-ronmental source material, irrespective of culturing conditions. Higher proportions of the envi-ronmental populations were recovered than predicted by the widely accepted 1% culturability paradigm. These results represent baseline abundance and compositional data for ARB commu-nities for reference in future studies addressing the dissemination of antibiotic resistance associ-ated with urban wastewater treatment ecosystems.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of urban and hospital wastewaters eco-exposomes on the antibiotic-resistance dynamics.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Henriot ◽  
Elena Buelow ◽  
Fabienne Petit ◽  
Marie-Cecile Ploy ◽  
Christophe DAGOT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Longitudinal Sampling ◽  
Hospital Wastewaters ◽  
The Impact

Antibiotic-resistance emergence and selection have become major public health issues globally. The presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in natural and anthroposophical environments threatens to compromise the sustainability of care in human and animal populations. This study was undertaken to develop a simple model formalizing the selective impact of antibiotics and pollutants on the dynamics of bacterial resistance in water and use the model to analyze longitudinal spatiotemporal data collected in hospital and urban wastewaters. Longitudinal-sampling data were collected between 2012 and 2015 in four different locations in Haute-Savoie, France: hospital and urban wastewaters, before and after water-treatment plants. Three different exposure variables: 1) heavy metals 2) antibiotics and 3) surfactants; and normalized abundance of 88 individual genes and mobile genetic elements, mostly conferring resistance to antibiotics, were simultaneously collected. A simple hypothesis-driven model describing the weekly ARB dynamics was proposed to fit available data by assuming normalized gene abundance to be proportional to ARB populations in water. Compounds impacts on the dynamics of 17 genes found in multiple sites were estimated. We found that while mercury and vancomycin had relevant effects on ARB dynamics, respectively positively affecting the dynamics of 10 and 12 identified genes, surfactants antagonistically affected genes dynamics (identified for three genes). This simple model enables analyzing the relationship between resistance-gene persistence in aquatic environments and specific compounds inherent to human activities. Applying our model to longitudinal data, we identified compounds that act as co-selectors for antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Characterization of Environmental and Cultivable Antibiotic-Resistant Microbial Communities Associated with Wastewater Treatment

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Alicia Sorgen ◽  
James Johnson ◽  
Kevin Lambirth ◽  
Sandra M. Clinton ◽  
Molly Redmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing global concern, threatening human and environmental health, particularly among urban populations. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are thought to be “hotspots” for antibiotic resistance dissemination. The conditions of WWTPs, in conjunction with the persistence of commonly used antibiotics, may favor the selection and transfer of resistance genes among bacterial populations. WWTPs provide an important ecological niche to examine the spread of antibiotic resistance. We used heterotrophic plate count methods to identify phenotypically resistant cultivable portions of these bacterial communities and characterized the composition of the culturable subset of these populations. Resistant taxa were more abundant in raw sewage and wastewater before the biological aeration treatment stage. While some antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) were detectable downstream of treated wastewater release, these organisms are not enriched relative to effluent-free upstream water, indicating efficient removal during treatment. Combined culture-dependent and -independent analyses revealed a stark difference in community composition between culturable fractions and the environmental source material, irrespective of culturing conditions. Higher proportions of the environmental populations were recovered than predicted by the widely accepted 1% culturability paradigm. These results represent baseline abundance and compositional data for ARB communities for reference in future studies addressing the dissemination of antibiotic resistance associated with urban wastewater treatment ecosystems.

Relationship of antibiotic resistance to results of treatment in sepsis patients in Hue Central Hospital 2017 – 2018

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Duy Binh Nguyen ◽  
Trung Tien Phan ◽  
Trong Hanh Hoang ◽  
Van Tuan Mai ◽  
Xuan Chuong Tran
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Relationship Of

Sepsis is a serious bacterial infection. The main treatment is using antibiotics. However, the rate of antibiotic resistance is very high and this resistance is related to the outcome of treatment. Objectives: To evaluate the situation of antibiotic resistance of some isolated bacteria in sepsis patients treated at Hue Central Hospital; to evaluate the relationship of antibiotic resistance to the treatment results in patients with sepsis. Subjects and methods: prospective study of 60 sepsis patients diagnosed according to the criteria of the 3rd International Consensus-Sepsis 3 and its susceptibility patterns from April 2017 to August 2018. Results and Conclusions: The current agents of sepsis are mainly S. suis, Burkhoderiae spp. and E. coli. E. coli is resistant to cephalosporins 3rd, 4th generation and quinolone group is over 75%; resistance to imipenem 11.1%; the ESBL rate is 60%. S. suis resistant to ampicilline 11.1%; no resistance has been recorded to ceftriaxone and vancomycine. Resistance of Burkholderiae spp. to cefepime and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was 42.9% and 55.6%, resistant to imipenem and meropenem is 20%, resistance to ceftazidime was not recorded. The deaths were mostly dued to E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The mortality for patients infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria are higher than for sensitive groups. Key words: Sepsis, bacterial infection, antibiotics

scholarly journals Surface-bound reactive oxygen species generating nanozymes for selective antibacterial action

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Tianyi Shao ◽  
Yunpeng Yu ◽  
Yujie Xiong ◽  
Lihua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Generate Surface ◽  
Inert Substrate ◽  
Silver Palladium

AbstractActing by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ, nanozymes are promising as antimicrobials. ROS’ intrinsic inability to distinguish bacteria from mammalian cells, however, deprives nanozymes of the selectivity necessary for an ideal antimicrobial. Here we report that nanozymes that generate surface-bound ROS selectively kill bacteria over mammalian cells. This result is robust across three distinct nanozymes that universally generate surface-bound ROS, with an oxidase-like silver-palladium bimetallic alloy nanocage, AgPd0.38, being the lead model. The selectivity is attributable to both the surface-bound nature of ROS these nanozymes generate and an unexpected antidote role of endocytosis. Though surface-bound, the ROS on AgPd0.38 efficiently eliminated antibiotic-resistant bacteria and effectively delayed the onset of bacterial resistance emergence. When used as coating additives, AgPd0.38 enabled an inert substrate to inhibit biofilm formation and suppress infection-related immune responses in mouse models. This work opens an avenue toward biocompatible nanozymes and may have implication in our fight against antimicrobial resistance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document