scholarly journals The Thermal Regulation of Gravitational Instabilities in Protoplanetary Disks. III. Simulations with Radiative Cooling and Realistic Opacities

2006 ◽  
Vol 651 (1) ◽  
pp. 517-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron C. Boley ◽  
Annie C. Mejia ◽  
Richard H. Durisen ◽  
Kai Cai ◽  
Megan K. Pickett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protoplanetary Disks ◽  
Thermal Regulation ◽  
Radiative Cooling ◽  
Gravitational Instabilities

The Thermal Regulation of Gravitational Instabilities in Protoplanetary Disks

2003 ◽  
Vol 590 (2) ◽  
pp. 1060-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K. Pickett ◽  
Annie C. Mejia ◽  
Richard H. Durisen ◽  
Patrick M. Cassen ◽  
Donald K. Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protoplanetary Disks ◽  
Thermal Regulation ◽  
Gravitational Instabilities

scholarly journals The Thermal Regulation of Gravitational Instabilities in Protoplanetary Disks. IV. Simulations with Envelope Irradiation

2008 ◽  
Vol 673 (2) ◽  
pp. 1138-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Cai ◽  
Richard H. Durisen ◽  
Aaron C. Boley ◽  
Megan K. Pickett ◽  
Annie C. Mejia
Keyword(s):  
Protoplanetary Disks ◽  
Thermal Regulation ◽  
Gravitational Instabilities

scholarly journals The Effects of Metallicity and Grain Size on Gravitational Instabilities in Protoplanetary Disks

2005 ◽  
Vol 636 (2) ◽  
pp. L149-L152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Cai ◽  
Richard H. Durisen ◽  
Scott Michael ◽  
Aaron C. Boley ◽  
Annie C. Mejía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Protoplanetary Disks ◽  
Gravitational Instabilities

scholarly journals CONVERGENCE STUDIES OF MASS TRANSPORT IN DISKS WITH GRAVITATIONAL INSTABILITIES. II. THE RADIATIVE COOLING CASE

2013 ◽  
Vol 768 (2) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Y. Steiman-Cameron ◽  
Richard H. Durisen ◽  
Aaron C. Boley ◽  
Scott Michael ◽  
Caitlin R. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Radiative Cooling ◽  
Gravitational Instabilities

scholarly journals Probing protoplanetary disks with Aperture Masking

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (S299) ◽  
pp. 119-120
Author(s):  
S. Lacour ◽  
P. Tuthill ◽  
S. Casassus
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Protoplanetary Disks ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Diffraction Limit ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Gravitational Instabilities ◽  
Core Accretion ◽  
Differential Imaging ◽  
Unique Ability ◽  
Orbital Migration

AbstractThe interaction between planetary formation and protostellar disks is among the most critical remaining pieces in the puzzle of solar system assembly. Leading theoretical models are constructed around two distinct scenarios: gravitational instabilities and core accretion. The physics of each applies to quite different epochs of formation, and exhibits complex dependencies on parameters like disk density and viscosity. Untangling the effects such processes have on the final planetary statistics necessitates direct observation of exoplanets in their primordial state, prior to orbital migration. Furthermore, detailed study of the environment, such as the way the planets shape the protostellar disk by driving accretion streams across disk gaps, will also constrain formation models. Aperture masking interferometry has demonstrated a unique ability to probe the gaps within stellar disks. It has twin advantages of a higher dynamic range at the diffraction limit (λ/D) than differential imaging, while at the same time giving very extensive UV coverage compared to long baseline interferometry.

scholarly journals Cooling-induced Vortex Decay in Keplerian Disks

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Fung ◽  
Tomohiro Ono
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Protoplanetary Disks ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Radiative Cooling ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Wave Instability ◽  
Dust Trapping ◽  
Vortex Strength ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Gas Cooling

Abstract Vortices are readily produced by hydrodynamical instabilities, such as the Rossby wave instability, in protoplanetary disks. However, large-scale asymmetries indicative of dust-trapping vortices are uncommon in submillimeter continuum observations. One possible explanation is that vortices have short lifetimes. In this paper, we explore how radiative cooling can lead to vortex decay. Elliptical vortices in Keplerian disks go through adiabatic heating and cooling cycles. Radiative cooling modifies these cycles and generates baroclinicity that changes the potential vorticity of the vortex. We show that the net effect is typically a spin down, or decay, of the vortex for a subadiabatic radial stratification. We perform a series of two-dimensional shearing box simulations, varying the gas cooling (or relaxation) time, t cool, and initial vortex strength. We measure the vortex decay half-life, t half, and find that it can be roughly predicted by the timescale ratio t cool/t turn, where t turn is the vortex turnaround time. Decay is slow in both the isothermal (t cool ≪ t turn) and adiabatic (t cool ≫ t turn) limits; it is fastest when t cool ∼ 0.1 t turn, where t half is as short as ∼300 orbits. At tens of astronomical units where disk rings are typically found, t turn is likely much longer than t cool, potentially placing vortices in the fast decay regime.

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