Postprandial Intestinal Blood Flow, Metabolic Rates, and Exercise in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

2006 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helgi Thorarensen ◽  
Anthony P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Intestinal Blood Flow ◽  
Metabolic Rates

INTESTINAL BLOOD FLOW IN SWIMMING CHINOOK SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS TSHAWYTSCHA AND THE EFFECTS OF HAEMATOCRIT ON BLOOD FLOW DISTRIBUTION

1993 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-129
Author(s):  
H. Thorarensen ◽  
P. E. Gallaugher ◽  
A. K. Kiessling ◽  
A. P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Swimming Velocity

Blood flow in the intestinal artery (qia), the rate of oxygen consumption (V(dot)O2) and a number of haematological variables were measured in chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, while they swam up to the critical swimming velocity (Ucrit). The fish used in this study had previously been exposed to one of two different exercise-training regimes, swimming for 8 months at either 1.5 bl s-1 (HS) or 0.5 bl s-1 (LS) (where bl is body length). During this period, growth rate was the same in both groups. At rest, qia was approximately 36 % of cardiac output. qia was inversely related to V(dot)O2, indicating that blood flow was gradually redistributed from the viscera as the oxygen demands of the locomotory muscles increased. Both V(dot)O2 and qia were relatively constant at swimming velocities less than 50 % Ucrit, but at Ucrit, qia had decreased by 60–70 % as V(dot)O2 reached a maximum. Blood flow redistribution away from the intestine contributed significantly to the oxygen supply for locomotory muscles, since it was estimated that the oxygen-transporting capacity of this redistributed blood flow was enough to support 12–18 % of the maximum internal oxygen consumption (total V(dot)O2 - gill V(dot)O2). Following exercise training, haematocrit (Hct) in the HS group (27.1 %) was significantly higher than in the LS group (23.3 %). However, neither the maximum V(dot)O2 nor Ucrit was significantly different in the two groups. qia was inversely related to Hct but, in spite of lower qia at rest, oxygen transport to the intestines was greater at all swimming speeds in the HS than in the LS training group. In addition, blood flow in the HS group was better maintained as the swimming speed was increased. As a result of the higher Hct in the HS-trained group, oxygen transport to the intestines was similar in both groups at their respective training velocities. Therefore, we suggest that, by increasing Hct and thereby maintaining oxygen delivery to the intestines, the HS group maintained normal intestinal function while swimming at the higher velocity, enabling overall growth rate to be the same as in the LS group.

Effects of Salinity on Growth, Metabolism, and Ion Regulation in Juvenile Rainbow and Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Fall Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 2083-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Morgan ◽  
George K. Iwama
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Ionic Homeostasis ◽  
Ion Regulation

Rainbow and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fry were acclimated to a range of salinities to test the hypothesis that the energy requirements for ion regulation would be minimal at an isotonic water salinity (8–10 ppt). Survival, growth, metabolic rate, plasma Na+ and Cl− concentrations, and seawater adaptability were measured for 5–12 wk, depending on the species. Growth of all three species was highest in fresh water and declined with increasing salinity. Metabolic rates increased with salinity and were inversely correlated with growth rates. Isotonic salinity, therefore, did not offer significant metabolic or growth advantages to rainbow, steelhead, and chinook fry. While plasma Na+ and Cl− concentrations varied among groups, chinook fry tended to better maintain ionic homeostasis at higher salinities than the trout. Acclimation to the various dilute salinities did not influence the seawater adaptability of juvenile steelhead trout or chinook salmon. Our results indicate that optimal salinities for growth and metabolic rates were influenced by species and life history stage. The metabolic rate data suggested that the energetic cost of ionic regulation increased with salinity, but attempts to quantify this cost were probably affected by other metabolic processes which responded to changes in salinity.

Effects of salinity on aerobic metabolism and development of eggs and alevins of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1341-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Morgan ◽  
John O. T. Jensen ◽  
George K. Iwama
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Salmon Eggs

Metabolic rates, hatching success, alevin survival, time to hatch, and growth were measured for steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) embryos incubated in salinities of 0, 4, 8, and 12 parts per thousand (ppt) from the eyed stage. Metabolic rates of eyed steelhead trout eggs, and chinook salmon eggs and alevins were not significantly affected by the salinities tested. The metabolic rate of newly hatched steelhead trout alevins, however, was significantly lower in 8-ppt, and significantly higher in 12-ppt, than in 0- and 4-ppt salinities. Egg hatchability was high in all four salinities, but newly hatched alevins of both species showed decreased survival and were smaller in 12-ppt salinity. Salinity effects on alevin survival and size were greater for steelhead trout than for chinook salmon. The results suggest that 8-ppt salinity is the upper limit for the normal development of steelhead trout and chinook salmon eggs and alevins.

The effect of the chinese herbal medicine Dai-Kenchu-To on intestinal blood flow

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A248-A248
Author(s):  
N KAWASAKI ◽  
K NARIAI ◽  
M NAKAO ◽  
K NAKADA ◽  
N HANYUU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Intestinal Blood Flow ◽  
Chinese Herbal

Systematic hexamitid (Protozoa: Diplomonadida) Infection in seawater pen-reared Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Kent ◽  
J Ellis ◽  
JW Fournie ◽  
SC Dawe ◽  
JW Bagshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha

scholarly journals Managed Wetlands Can Benefit Juvenile Chinook Salmon in a Tidal Marsh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Aha ◽  
Peter B. Moyle ◽  
Nann A. Fangue ◽  
Andrew L. Rypel ◽  
John R. Durand
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Nursery Habitat ◽  
San Francisco Estuary ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

AbstractLoss of estuarine and coastal habitats worldwide has reduced nursery habitat and function for diverse fishes, including juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Underutilized off-channel habitats such as flooded rice fields and managed ponds present opportunities for improving rearing conditions and increasing habitat diversity along migratory corridors. While experiments in rice fields have shown enhanced growth rates of juvenile fishes, managed ponds are less studied. To evaluate the potential of these ponds as a nursery habitat, juvenile Chinook salmon (~ 2.8 g, 63 mm FL) were reared in cages in four contrasting locations within Suisun Marsh, a large wetland in the San Francisco Estuary. The locations included a natural tidal slough, a leveed tidal slough, and the inlet and outlet of a tidally muted managed pond established for waterfowl hunting. Fish growth rates differed significantly among locations, with the fastest growth occurring near the outlet in the managed pond. High zooplankton biomass at the managed pond outlet was the best correlate of salmon growth. Water temperatures in the managed pond were also cooler and less variable compared to sloughs, reducing thermal stress. The stress of low dissolved oxygen concentrations within the managed pond was likely mediated by high concentrations of zooplankton and favorable temperatures. Our findings suggest that muted tidal habitats in the San Francisco Estuary and elsewhere could be managed to promote growth and survival of juvenile salmon and other native fishes.

Analysis of straying variation in Alaskan hatchery chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) following transplantation

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J Hard ◽  
William R Heard
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Substantial Variation

In 1976 chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) gametes from the Chickamin and Unuk rivers in southeastern Alaska were transplanted 250 km to establish hatchery runs at Little Port Walter (LPW), Baranof Island. From 1977 to 1989, 1 862 058 marked smolts from 12 broods were released from LPW. Homing and straying were estimated from adult recoveries at 25 locations in Alaska and British Columbia between 1981 and 1989. Of 22 198 LPW fish recovered over this period, 21 934 (98.8%) were collected at LPW. Of 264 fish recovered elsewhere, 38.3% were within 7 km of LPW; 64.4% were within 25 km of LPW. No LPW fish were recovered from the ancestral rivers, but nine fish were recovered from rivers supporting wild chinook salmon. Straying declined with distance from the release site but varied between hatcheries and streams. Straying declined with increasing age and run size. Straying was similar between the populations but varied among broods, and analysis of straying in experimental groups provided evidence for a heritable component. Males strayed more often than females. Population, gender, run size, and recovery age interacted to produce substantial variation in straying, indicating that run composition can produce complex straying responses.

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