scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Therapy Puzzle: Could Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationships Be Helpful in Addressing the Issue of Appropriate Pneumonia Treatment in Critically Ill Patients?

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1764-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Saravolatz ◽  
F. Pea ◽  
P. Viale
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Critically Ill Patients

Antimicrobial Therapy in Critically Ill Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1009-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Pea ◽  
Pierluigi Viale ◽  
Mario Furlanut
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Critically Ill Patients

Augmented renal clearance is a common finding with worse clinical outcome in critically ill patients receiving antimicrobial therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara O.M. Claus ◽  
Eric A. Hoste ◽  
Kirsten Colpaert ◽  
Hugo Robays ◽  
Johan Decruyenaere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Augmented Renal Clearance

scholarly journals Development of Institutional Guidelines for Management of Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections: Incorporating Local Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Nimmich ◽  
P. Brandon Bookstaver ◽  
Joseph Kohn ◽  
Julie Ann Justo ◽  
Katie L. Hammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Empirical Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy is associated with improved outcomes of patients with Gram-negative bloodstream infections (BSI). Objective: Development of evidence-based institutional management guidelines for empirical antimicrobial therapy of Gram-negative BSI. Methods: Hospitalized adults with Gram-negative BSI in 2011-2012 at Palmetto Health hospitals in Columbia, SC, USA, were identified. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between site of infection acquisition and BSI due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa or chromosomally mediated AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CAE). Antimicrobial susceptibility rates of bloodstream isolates were stratified by site of acquisition and acute severity of illness. Retained antimicrobial regimens had predefined susceptibility rates ≥90% for noncritically ill and ≥95% for critically ill patients. Results: Among 390 patients, health care–associated (odds ratio [OR]: 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-6.3] and hospital-acquired sites of acquisition (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.6-8.4) were identified as risk factors for BSI due to P aeruginosa or CAE, compared with community-acquired BSI (referent). Based on stratified bloodstream antibiogram, ceftriaxone met predefined susceptibility criteria for community-acquired BSI in noncritically ill patients (95%). Cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam monotherapy achieved predefined susceptibility criteria in noncritically ill (95% both) and critically ill patients with health care–associated and hospital-acquired BSI (96% and 97%, respectively) and critically ill patients with community-acquired BSI (100% both). Conclusions: Incorporation of site of acquisition, local antimicrobial susceptibility rates, and acute severity of illness into institutional guidelines provides objective evidence-based approach for optimizing empirical antimicrobial therapy for Gram-negative BSI. The suggested methodology provides a framework for guideline development in other institutions.

scholarly journals Clinical utility of the BioFire FilmArray Blood Culture Identification panel in the adjustment of empiric antimicrobial therapy in the critically ill septic patient

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254389
Author(s):  
Roxanne Rule ◽  
Fathima Paruk ◽  
Piet Becker ◽  
Matthew Neuhoff ◽  
Julian Chausse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Culture Identification

Sepsis and septic shock are key contributors to mortality in critically ill patients and thus prompt recognition and management thereof is central to achieving improved patient outcomes. Early initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy constitutes a crucial component of the management strategy and thus early identification of the causative pathogen is essential in informing antimicrobial therapeutic choices. The BioFire FilmArray blood culture identification (BCID) panel is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved rapid, multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for use on positive blood cultures. This study evaluated its clinical utility in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting, in terms of amendment of empiric antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients with sepsis. The assay proved useful in this setting as final results were made available to clinicians significantly earlier than with conventional culture methods. This, in turn, allowed for modification of empirical antimicrobial therapy to more appropriate agents in 32% of patients. Additionally, the use of the BioFire FilmArray BCID panel permitted the prompt implementation of additional infection prevention and control practices in a sizeable proportion (14%) of patients in the study who were harbouring multidrug resistant pathogens. These findings support the use of the BioFire FilmArray BCID panel as a valuable adjunct to conventional culture methods for the diagnosis and subsequent management of critically ill patients with sepsis.

scholarly journals Factors influencing antibiotic treatment cost and outcome in critically ill patients: A “real-life” study

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1102-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Peric ◽  
Maja Surbatovic ◽  
Sandra Vezmar-Kovacevic ◽  
Mirjana Antunovic ◽  
Milic Veljovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
Sepsis Group ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost

Background/Aim. Critically ill patients are at very high risk of developing severe infections in intensive care units (ICUs). Procalcitonin (PCT) levels are eleveted in the circulation in patients with bacterial sepsis and PCT might be useful in guiding antibiotic treatment. The aim of this study was to estimate factors influencing patients survival and treatment cost in ICU with special emphasis on the impact of PCT serum levels use in guiding antimicrobial therapy. Methods. The study was conducted from August 2010 to May 2012 in the Intensive Therapy Unit, Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Military Medical Academy (MMA), Belgrade, Serbia. All adult critically ill patients with sepsis and/or trauma admitted in the ICU were included in the study. This study included only the cost of antimicrobial therapy in the ICU and the cost for PCT analysis. We used prices valid in the MMA for the year 2012. PCT in serum was measured by homogeneous immunoassay on a Brahms Kryptor analyzer. Results. A total of 102 patients were enrolled. The mean patients age was 55 ? 19 years and 61.8% of patients were male. The mean length of stay (LOS) in the ICU was 12 ? 21 days. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between the sepsis and trauma group regarding outcome (higher mortality rate was in the sepsis group, particularly in the patients with peritonitis who were mostly women). The patients younger than 70 years had better chance of survival. LOS, the use of carbapenems and PCT-measurement influenced the cost of therapy in the ICU. Conclusions. The obtained results show that age, the diagnosis and gender were the main predictors of survival of critically ill patients in the ICU. The cost of ICU stay was dependent on LOS, use of carbapenems and PCT measurement although the influence of these three factors on the outcome in the patients did not reach a statistical significance.

scholarly journals Does Antimicrobial Therapy Affect Mortality of Patients with Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteriuria? A Nationwide Multicenter Study in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2035
Author(s):  
Chien Chuang ◽  
Chin-Fang Su ◽  
Jung-Chung Lin ◽  
Po-Liang Lu ◽  
Ching-Tai Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Few clinical studies have previously discussed patients with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) bacteriuria. This study aimed to assess the effect of antimicrobial therapy on the mortality of patients with CRKP bacteriuria. Hospitalized adults with CRKP bacteriuria were enrolled retrospectively from 16 hospitals in Taiwan during 2013 and 2014. Critically ill patients were defined as those with an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score ≥ 20. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors for 14- and 28-day mortality. Of 107 patients with CRKP bacteriuria, the 14-day and 28-day mortality was 14.0% and 25.2%, respectively. Thirty-three patients received appropriate antimicrobial therapy. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, the APACHE II score ≥ 20 was the only independent risk factor for 14-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 6.15, p = 0.024). APACHE II score ≥ 20 (HR: 3.05, p = 0.018) and male sex (HR: 2.57, p = 0.037) were associated with 28-day mortality. Among critically ill patients with CRKP bacteriuria, appropriate antimicrobial therapy was not associated with 14-day or 28-day survival. In conclusion, in patients with CRKP bacteriuria, the use of appropriate antimicrobial therapy was not an independent factor associated with reduced mortality. Our findings may inform future antibiotic stewardship interventions for bacteriuria caused by multidrug resistant pathogens.

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