The Relationship between Flux Rope Acceleration and Thermal Energy Release in a Model of Eruptive Solar Phenomena

2006 ◽  
Vol 644 (1) ◽  
pp. 592-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine K. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Flux Rope ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Research on the Ignition Height and Reaction Flame Temperature of PTFE/Al/Si/CuO with Different Mass Ratios of PTFE/Si

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3464
Author(s):  
Xuan Zou ◽  
Jingyuan Zhou ◽  
Xianwen Ran ◽  
Yiting Wu ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Release Capacity ◽  
Mass Ratios ◽  
The Relationship

Recent studies have shown that the energy release capacity of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/Al with Si, and CuO, respectively, is higher than that of PTFE/Al. PTFE/Al/Si/CuO reactive materials with four proportions of PTFE/Si were designed by the molding–sintering process to study the influence of different PTFE/Si mass ratios on energy release. A drop hammer was selected for igniting the specimens, and the high-speed camera and spectrometer systems were used to record the energy release process and the flame spectrum, respectively. The ignition height of the reactive material was obtained by fitting the relationship between the flame duration and the drop height. It was found that the ignition height of PTFE/Al/Si/CuO containing 20% PTFE/Si is 48.27 cm, which is the lowest compared to the ignition height of other Si/PTFE ratios of PTFE/Al/Si/CuO; the flame temperature was calculated from the flame spectrum. It was found that flame temperature changes little for the same reactive material at different drop heights. Compared with the flame temperature of PTFE/Al/Si/CuO with four mass ratios, it was found that the flame temperature of PTFE/Al/Si/CuO with 20% PTFE/Si is the highest, which is 2589 K. The results show that PTFE/Al/Si/CuO containing 20% PTFE/Si is easier to be ignited and has a stronger temperature destruction effect.

Economic Optimization of a Combined Heat and Power System for an Office Building

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Douglas ◽  
Timothy C. Wagner ◽  
Michael K. Sahm ◽  
William J. Wepfer
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Generation Cost ◽  
The Relationship

The determination of a prime mover’s characteristics is important in ascertaining its suitability for combined heat and power (CHP) applications. By definition, its operation affects the operation of all heat recovery equipment downstream. The correct balance between component electrical efficiency and waste heat is needed if the electric power producing equipment is to be used in a CHP application in a cost effective manner. Understanding the relationship between electric efficiency and exhaust stream energy content for different prime movers systems is a first step in an overall CHP system optimization. The goals of this work are to determine the potential financial benefit of utilizing waste heat from various prime mover configurations as well as establish the relationship between the two types of energy generation and costs. An economic optimization was performed to determine the system with the lowest average product (electricity and thermal energy) generation cost. The prime mover system was required to meet the electrical load demand of a typical 9290 m2 (100,000 ft2) office building in New York, NY, USA. The composition of the most cost effective prime mover system, when considering both electrical and thermal energy generation, was shown to be a single microturbine. When comparing the electrical and thermal energy generation of all systems studied with product generation cost, the more cost effective systems had either high electrical efficiency with a low thermal energy generation or high amounts of waste heat with low electrical efficiency. Each installation site and load demand is unique. The results of this study, along with others, can be used to help determine a cost effective system for a particular application.

Diffuse CO2 Degassing and Thermal Energy Release from Poás Volcano, Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Gladys V. Melián ◽  
Nemesio M. Pérez ◽  
Raúl Alberto Mora Amador ◽  
Pedro A. Hernández ◽  
Carlos Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Poas Volcano ◽  
Co2 Degassing

Dynamic response of plant chlorophyll fluorescence to light, water and nutrient availability

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pilar Cendrero-Mateo ◽  
A. Elizabete Carmo-Silva ◽  
Albert Porcar-Castell ◽  
Erik P. Hamerlynck ◽  
Shirley A. Papuga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Light Response Curves ◽  
Thermal Energy Dissipation ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
The Relationship

Chlorophyll molecules absorb photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). The resulting excitation energy is dissipated by three competing pathways at the level of photosystem: (i) photochemistry (and, by extension, photosynthesis); (ii) regulated and constitutive thermal energy dissipation; and (iii) chlorophyll-a fluorescence (ChlF). Because the dynamics of photosynthesis modulate the regulated component of thermal energy dissipation (widely addressed as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)), the relationship between photosynthesis, NPQ and ChlF changes with water, nutrient and light availability. In this study we characterised the relationship between photosynthesis, NPQ and ChlF when conducting light-response curves of photosynthesis in plants growing under different water, nutrient and ambient light conditions. Our goals were to test whether ChlF and photosynthesis correlate in response to water and nutrient deficiency, and determine the optimum PAR level at which the correlation is maximal. Concurrent gas exchange and ChlF light-response curves were measured for Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz and Triticum durum (L.) Desf plants grown under (i) intermediate light growth chamber conditions, and (ii) high light environment field conditions respectively. Plant stress was induced by withdrawing water in the chamber experiment, and applying different nitrogen levels in the field experiment. Our study demonstrated that ChlF was able to track the variations in photosynthetic capacity in both experiments, and that the light level at which plants were grown was optimum for detecting both water and nutrient deficiency with ChlF. The decrease in photosynthesis was found to modulate ChlF via different mechanisms depending on the treatment: through the action of NPQ in response to water stress, or through the action of changes in leaf chlorophyll concentration in response to nitrogen deficiency. This study provides support for the use of remotely sensed ChlF as a proxy to monitor plant stress dynamics from space.

An assessment of the relationship between embodied and thermal energy demands in dwellings in a Mediterranean climate

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 230-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Rosselló-Batle ◽  
Carlos Ribas ◽  
Andreu Moià-Pol ◽  
Víctor Martínez-Moll
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
The Relationship

Diffuse volcanic degassing and thermal energy release from Hengill volcanic system, Iceland

2012 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 2435-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro A. Hernández ◽  
Nemesio M. Pérez ◽  
Thráinn Fridriksson ◽  
Jolie Egbert ◽  
Evgenia Ilyinskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
Volcanic Degassing
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