Incidence of and Risk Factors for Surgical-Site Infections in a Peruvian Hospital

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Hernandez ◽  
Elizabeth Ramos ◽  
Carlos Seas ◽  
German Henostroza ◽  
Eduardo Gotuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
System Risk ◽  
Clean Contaminated

AbstractObjective:To determine the incidence of and risk factors for surgical-site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery.Design:A cohort study was conducted from January to June 1998. CDC criteria for SSI and the NNIS System risk index were used.Setting:A tertiary-care hospital in Peru.Patients:Adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery who consented were enrolled and observed until 30 days after surgery. Patients who had undergone surgery at another hospital or who died or were transferred to another hospital within 24 hours after surgery were excluded.Results:Four hundred sixty-eight patients were enrolled. Their mean age was 37.2 years. One hundred twenty-five patients developed SSIs, 18% of which were identified after discharge. The overall incidence rate (IR) was 26.7%. The IR was 13.9% for clean, 15.9% for clean-contaminated, 13.5% for contaminated, and 47.2% for dirty interventions. The IR was 3.6% for NNIS System risk index 0 and 60% for index 3. Risk factors for SSI on logistic regression analysis were dirty or infected wound (RR, 3.8; CI95, 1.7-8.4), drain use longer than 9 days (RR, 6.0; CI95, 2.5-12.5), and length of surgery greater than the 75th percentile (RR, 2.1; CI95, 1.0-4.4). Patients with SSI had a longer hospital stay than did non-infected patients (14.0 vs 6.1 days; P < .001).Conclusions:SSI is a major problem in this hospital, which has a higher IR (especially for clean interventions) than those of developed countries. In developing countries, prevention of SSI should include active surveillance and interventions targeting modifiable risk factors.

scholarly journals A study on risk factors, maternal and foetal outcome in cases of preeclampsia and eclampsia at a tertiary care hospital of South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Bandaru Sailaja ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Cooly ◽  
Bhuvaneswari Sailcheemala ◽  
Surayapalem Sailaja
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
History Of ◽  
Foetal Outcome ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Hypertension in pregnancy remains still a major health issue for women and their descendants throughout the world but remains a major issue in developing countries rather than developed countries. Eclampsia accounts for 24% of maternal deaths during pregnancy in India according to FOGSI study in India. Changing trends in pregnancy globally with increased maternal age of conception, assisted reproductive technologies has contributed a significant impact in the risk factors for PE and eclampsia. The present study was aimed to investigate and determine the related risk factors in cases of PE and eclampsia. The maternal and foetal outcomes with major complications of the women with PE and eclampsia were also studied.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study for a period of two years was conducted at a tertiary care hospital among antenatal cases and all cases of PIH were recorded and studied. Cases were managed as per the existing obstetric protocol after clinical examination and investigations. Detailed socio demographic data and history of risk factors were collected and entered into Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed. Maternal and foetal outcome were noted in the cases of the study.Results: The incidence of PE and eclampsia in the study was 43.3% and 10.8%, 25-35 years age group being the most common. PE and eclampsia was associated with BMI>30, parous women with previous history of PE, diabetes mellitus and more in unregistered cases. PE and eclampsia were more in Illiterates and socio economic class 2 &3. The incidence of maternal complications was 32.99% with premature labour being the common and in case of foetal complications prematurity was the commonest with 16 cases. The maternal mortality was very less with only 4.64% in the study.Conclusions: Pregnancy induced hypertension with PE and eclampsia still remains a major problem in developed countries. Good antenatal care with increased awareness and increased antenatal visits may help in reducing the incidence and maternal and foetal complications. Increased incidence among illiterates and low socio economic status group provides the target group to be directed against any medical measures and national health programmes.

scholarly journals A prospective study on risk factors for development of surgical site infections at a tertiary care hospital: a two years study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Vakamudi Prakash ◽  
Ramalinga Reddy Rachamalli ◽  
Jithendra Kandati ◽  
Sreeram Satish
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Common

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are the second most common Nosocomial infections after urinary tract infections accounting to 20-25% of Nosocomial infections worldwide. Based on the depth of the infections, SSI is classified by CDC as superficial incisional, deep incisional and organ/space. The development of SSI is dependent upon multiple factors like class of wound, immune status, type of surgery, type of anesthesia; surgical techniques etc and are interplay of multiple factors. Objective of the present study was conducted in identifying the predictors, risk factors and incidence rates of SSI at a tertiary care hospital. The study also identifies the causative bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patternMethods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of two years by department of general surgery involving all patients who underwent surgery, and pre-operative, intra operative and risk factors of the cases were collected using standardized data collection form. Specimens from the infected wounds were collected and processed for isolation of pathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility of pathogens was done using standard guidelines.Results: The incidence of SSI in present study was 25.34% with 81.58% superficial SSI and 18.42% deep SSI. Laparotomy was the common procedure and 63.2% of cases were females and 41-60 years was the most common age group. Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were the common pathogens and were sensitive to carbapenems, vancomycin and linezolid. Significant association was observed with presence of pre-morbid analysis, presence of drain, use of povidone iodine alone and development of SSI.Conclusions: In present study the incidence of SSI was significantly high in this hospital and associated with premorbid illness, duration of surgery, presence of drain and use of drain at site of surgery. Staphylococcus aureus was the common pathogen and incidence of MRSA is higher than many other reports. A continuous monitoring and surveillance of patients with a predefined protocol will help in early identification of cases with risk of development of SSI. A feedback of appropriate data to surgeons is highly recommended to reduce the SSI rate in developing countries.

Does the Centers for Disease Control’s NNIS System Risk Index Stratify Patients Undergoing Cardiothoracic Operations by Their Risk of Surgical-Site Infection?

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claude Roy ◽  
Loreen A. Herwaldt ◽  
Richard Embrey ◽  
Kristen Kuhns ◽  
Richard P. Wenzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Index ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
System Risk ◽  
The University ◽  
Risk Index Score

AbstractBackground:In 1991, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention devised the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) System risk index to stratify populations of surgical patients by the risk of acquiring surgical-site infections (SSIs).Objective:To determine whether the NNIS risk index adequately stratifies a population of cardiothoracic surgery patients by the risk of developing SSI.Design:Casecontrol study.Setting:The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, a 900-bed, midwestern, tertiary-care hospital.Patients:201 patients with SSIs identified by prospective infection control surveillance and 398 controls matched by age, gender, type of procedure, and date of procedure. All patients underwent cardiothoracic operative procedures between November 1990 and January 1994.Results:The SSI rate was 7.8%. Seventy-four percent of cases and 80% of controls had a NNIS risk index score of 1; 24% of cases and 16% of controls had a score of 2 (P=.05). Patients with a NNIS risk score ≥2 were 1.8 times more likely to develop an SSI than those with a NNIS score <2 (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-2.94,P=.01). The duration of the procedure was the only component of the index that stratified the population by risk of SSI.Conclusions:The risk of SSI after cardiothoracic operations increases as the NNIS risk index score increases. However, this index only dichotomized the patient population on the basis of the procedure duration. More research is needed to develop a risk index that adequately stratifies the risk of SSI after cardiothoracic operations.

scholarly journals A study of clinico-microbiological profile of surgical site infections in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Niharika Kochhal ◽  
Gargi Dangre Mudey ◽  
Sonali Zadbuke Choudhari
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Clean Contaminated

Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is the 3rd most commonly reported infection accounting for 14-16% of all Health care associated infections among hospitalized patients. Surgical Site Infections are responsible for an increased economic burden to healthcare systems, including additional postoperative hospital stay and costs. The present study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital to study the incidence, risk factors and associated pathogens of Surgical Site Infection.Methods: A total of 100 patients operated of clean and clean-contaminated surgeries from Orthopaedics, Surgery and Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of AVBRH, Sawangi were included.Results: Overall infection rate was 6%. Patients in the age of above 71 years showed maximum rate of infection (14.28%) followed by 61 to 70 years (10%) and 51-60 years (10%). Surgical site infection rate was 4.65% (2/43) in clean operative wounds and 7.02% (4/57) in clean contaminated operative wounds. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were the most common organisms causing SSI. None of the risk factor was found significantly associated with the development of SSI.Conclusions: This study gave a better understanding of microbial pathogens of our institute which may have epidemiological and therapeutic implications. It will act as a pilot study to conduct further such larger research.

Surveillance of surgical site infections at a tertiary care hospital in Greece: Incidence, risk factors, microbiology, and impact

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 732-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Roumbelaki ◽  
Evangelos I. Kritsotakis ◽  
Constantinos Tsioutis ◽  
Penelope Tzilepi ◽  
Achilleas Gikas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Incidence Risk
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