Dispersal ofStaphylococcus aureusInto the Air Associated With a Rhinovirus Infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bassetti ◽  
Werner E. Bischoff ◽  
Mark Walter ◽  
Barbara A. Bassetti-Wyss ◽  
Lori Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Symptom Assessment ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Rhinovirus Infection ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Cold Symptom ◽  
Airtight Chamber

AbstractObjective:To determine whether healthy adult nasal carriers ofStaphylococcus aureuscan disperseS. aureusinto the air after rhinovirus infection.Design:We investigated the “cloud” phenomenon among adult nasal carriers ofS. aureusexperimentally infected with a rhinovirus. Eleven volunteers were studied for 16 days in an airtight chamber wearing street clothes, sterile garb, or sterile garb plus surgical mask; rhinovirus inoculation occurred on day 2. Daily quantitative air, nasal, and skin cultures forS. aureus; cold symptom assessment; and nasal rhinovirus cultures were performed.Setting:Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.Participants:Wake Forest University undergraduate or graduate students who had persistent nasal carriage ofS. aureusfor 4 or 8 weeks.Results:After rhinovirus inoculation, dispersal ofS. aureusinto the air increased 2-fold with peak increases up to 34-fold. Independent predictors ofS. aureusdispersal included the time period after rhinovirus infection and wearing street clothes (P< .05). Wearing barrier garb but not a mask decreased dispersal ofS. aureusinto the air (P< .05).Conclusion:Virus-induced dispersal ofS. aureusinto the air may have an important role in the transmission ofS. aureusand other bacteria.

Airborne Dispersal as a Novel Transmission Route of Coagulase-Negatwe Staphylococci Interaction Between Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci and Rhinovirus Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 504-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner E. Bischoff ◽  
Stefano Bassetti ◽  
Barbara A. Bassetti-Wyss ◽  
Michelle L. Wallis ◽  
Brian K. Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Intervention Trial ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Nasal Wash ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Rhinovirus Infection ◽  
Before And After

AbstractObjective:To investigate whether rhinovirus infection leads to increased airborne dispersal of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS).Design:Prospective nonrandomized intervention trial.Setting:Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.Participants:Twelve nasalStaphylococcus aureus-CoNS carriers among 685 students screened forS. aureusnasal carriage.Interventions:Participants were studied for airborne dispersal of CoNS in a chamber under three conditions (street clothes, sterile gown with a mask, and sterile gown without a mask). After 2 days of pre-exposure measurements, volunteers were inoculated with a rhinovirus and observed for 14 days. Daily quantitative nasal and skin cultures for CoNS and nasal cultures for rhinovirus were performed. In addition, assessment of cold symptoms was performed daily, mucous samples were collected, and serum titers before and after rhinovirus inoculation were obtained. Sneezing, coughing, and talking events were recorded during chamber sessions.Results:All participants had at least one nasal wash positive for rhinovirus and 10 developed a symptomatic cold. Postexposure, there was a twofold increase in airborne CoNS (P= .0004), peaking at day 12. CoNS dispersal was reduced by wearing a gown (57% reduction,P< .0001), but not a mask (P= .7). Nasal and skin CoNS colonization increased after rhinovirus infection (P<.05).Conclusions:We believe this is the first demonstration that a viral pathogen in the upper airways can increase airborne dispersal of CoNS in nasalS. aureuscarriers. Gowns, gloves, and caps had a protective effect, whereas wearing a mask did not further reduce airborne spread.

scholarly journals University of North Carolina School of Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (9S) ◽  
pp. S383-S386
Author(s):  
Gary L. Beck Dallaghan ◽  
Kurt O. Gilliland ◽  
Beat Steiner ◽  
Julie S. Byerley
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
University Of North Carolina ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
North Carolina School

scholarly journals Cessation from Smoking Improves Innate Host Defense and Clearance of Experimentally Inoculated NasalStaphylococcus aureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Cole ◽  
Mary Schmidt-Owens ◽  
Ashley C. Beavis ◽  
Christine F. Chong ◽  
Patrick M. Tarwater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Enhanced Expression

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusnasal carriage is transient in most humans and usually benign, but dissemination ofS. aureusto extranasal sites causes the majority of clinical infections, andS. aureusis a major cause of serious infections in the United States. A better understanding of innate nasal decolonization mechanisms is urgently needed, as are relevant models for studyingS. aureusclearance. Here, we screened a population of healthy smokers for nasalS. aureuscarriage and compared the participants' abilities to clear experimentally applied nasalS. aureusbefore and after completion of a smoking cessation program. We determined that cigarette smoking increases the mean nasalS. aureusload (2.6 × 104CFU/swab) compared to the load observed in healthy nonsmokers (1.7 × 103CFU/swab) and might increase the rate ofS. aureusnasal carriage in otherwise-healthy adults: 22 of 99 smokers carriedS. aureusat the screening visit, while only 4 of 30 nonsmokers screened positive during the same time period. Only 6 of 19 experimental inoculation studies in active smokers resulted inS. aureusclearance within the month of follow-up, while in the cessation group, 6 of 9 subjects cleared nasalS. aureusand carriage duration averaged 21 ± 4 days. Smoking cessation associated with enhanced expression ofS. aureus-associated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in nasal fluids. Participants who failed to clearS. aureusexhibited a higher nasalS. aureusload and elevated nasal interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) expression at the preexperiment study visits. We conclude that smokers exhibit higherS. aureusloads than nonsmokers and that innate immune pathways, including G-CSF expression and signaling through the IL-1 axis, are important mediators of nasalS. aureusclearance.

Malaria as a Pediatric Diagnostic Problem in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-471
Author(s):  
SAMUEL E. SCOTT
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Air Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Female ◽  
Diagnostic Problem ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
North Carolina School ◽  
The University ◽  
Instructive Case

At the suggestion of Dr. Floyd Denny, Chairman of the Department of Pediatrics at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, the following interesting and instructive case is presented as a Letter to the Editor. A difficult diagnostic problem in a 9-year-old girl consisting of high fever, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia and splenomegaly is presented. C. W., a 9-year-old, white female, is the dependent of an Air Force Captain. She was well until February 17, 1967, when she was sent home from school with a fever.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document