Prevalence of Measles, Rubella, Mumps, and Varicella Antibodies Among Healthcare Workers in Japan

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Hatakeyama ◽  
Kyoji Moriya ◽  
Satoru Itoyama ◽  
Yoko Nukui ◽  
Miho Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Serologic Screening ◽  
Prevaccination Screening

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the immune status of healthcare workers (HCWs) against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in Japan, and to promote an adequate vaccination program among HCWs.Setting:University of Tokyo Hospital.Participants:Eight hundred seventy-seven HCWs.Design:Serologic screening for measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella was performed on HCWs. Antibodies against measles, rubella, and mumps were detected using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay ($4.20 per test). If serum was negative by HI assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) was performed ($12.60 per test). Anti-varicella antibodies were detected by EIA only.Results:Among tested HCWs, 98.5%, 90.4%, 85.8%, and 97.2% had immunity to measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella, respectively. All those born before 1970 were seropositive for measles. However, individuals susceptible to rubella, mumps, and varicella were present in all age groups. The sensitivities and negative predictive values of HI assay compared with EIA were 86.6% and 11.3% for measles, 99.1% and 92.2% for rubella, and 47.8% and 24.1% for mumps, respectively. For measles and mumps, prevaccination screening by HI assay in combination with EIA led to significant savings compared with EIA only. In contrast, it was estimated that prevaccination screening using only HI assay would be more economical for rubella.Conclusions:Aggressive screening and vaccination of susceptible HCWs was essential regardless of age. Prevaccination serologic screening using a combination of HI assay and EIA was more economical for measles and mumps.

Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation of rotavirus antibodies with complement fixation in an epidemiological survey

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-276
Author(s):  
L H Ghose ◽  
R D Schnagl ◽  
I H Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels

The development of a micro-scale enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with horseradish peroxidase as the marker enzyme for the detection and measurement of human rotavirus antibodies is described. A semipurified preparation of the serologically related simian agent, SA-11 virus, was used as the antigen. Test sera were reacted with antigen-sensitized wells in disposable poly-vinyl microplates. Any attached antibody was detected by the addition of peroxidase-labeled anti-species immunoglobulin (conjugate) followed by assay of the enzyme reaction with its substrate, hydrogen peroxide plus 5-aminosalicylic acid. This micro-ELISA was compared with complement fixation in a seroepidemiological study of the age prevalence of rotavirus antibody in Aboriginal and European populations living in the same outback area in Australia. The ELISA (results read with the naked eye) proved to be approximately 16 times more sensitive than complement fixation. Of Aborigines, 71% had rotavirus complement-fixing antibody, as compared to 45% of Europeans. By ELISA 100% of both populations had rotavirus antibodies. Mean antibody titers in the different age groups were higher in Aborigines than in Europeans. Antibody levels rose steeply throughout the first 20 years of life, remained high during the next 20 years, then increased again at least up to the age of 60 years. The micro-ELISA was practical, simple to perform, and more suitable than complement fixation for large seroepidemiological rotavirus studies. It also has potential for serodiagnosis of the disease, both in the laboratory and in the field.

Diagnostic accuracy of alpha-defensin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the clinical evaluation of painful hip and knee arthroplasty with possible prosthetic joint infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 101-B (8) ◽  
pp. 970-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kleiss ◽  
N. M. Jandl ◽  
A. Novo de Oliveira ◽  
W. Rüther ◽  
A. Niemeier
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Prosthetic Joint

Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the synovial alpha-defensin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in the work-up prior to revision of total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients and Methods Inclusion criteria for this prospective cohort study were acute or chronic symptoms of the index joint without specific exclusion criteria. Synovial fluid aspirates of 202 patients were analyzed and semiquantitative laboratory alpha-defensin ELISA was performed. Final diagnosis of PJI was established by examination of samples obtained during revision surgery. Results Sensitivity and specificity of the alpha-defensin ELISA for PJI were 78.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 66.7 to 88.5) and 96.6% (95% CI 93.0 to 99.3). Positive and negative predictive values were 89.6% (95% CI 80.6 to 97.8) and 92.2% (95% CI 87.5 to 96.1). The test remained false-negative in 22% of septic revisions, most of which were due to coagulase-negative staphylococci all occurring in either late-chronic or early-postoperative PJI. Conclusion The routine use of synovial fluid alpha-defensin laboratory ELISA in the preoperative evaluation of symptomatic THAs and TKAs is insufficient to accurately diagnose PJI. Particularly in cases involving low-virulence organisms, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci, there remains a need for tests with a higher sensitivity. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:970–977.

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