Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Singapore Is Usually “Healthcare Associated”

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Tambyah ◽  
Abdulrazaq G. Habib ◽  
Toon-Mae Ng ◽  
Helen Goh ◽  
Gamini Kumarasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Aureus Infection ◽  
Visiting Nurses ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Traditional Paradigm

AbstractObjecttve:To assess the frequency of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections.Setting:A teaching hospital in Singapore.Methods:Prospectively collected surveillance data were reviewed during a 1-year period to determine the extent and origin of community-acquired MRSA infections.Results:Whereas 32% of 383 MRSA infections were detected less than 48 hours after hospital admission and would, by convention, be classified as “community acquired,” all but one of these were among patients who had been exposed to outpatient centers including dialysis or chemotherapy clinics, visiting nurses, community hospitals, or all three.Conclusions:With health care increasingly being delivered in an outpatient setting, community-acquired MRSA infections are often acquired in hospital-related sites and most may be more accurately described as “healthcare acquired.” Infection control measures need to move beyond the traditional paradigm of acute care hospitals to effectively control the spread of resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals The Prevalence, Risk, and Management of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Diverse Populations across Canada: A Systematic Review

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Mitevska ◽  
Britney Wong ◽  
Bas G. J. Surewaard ◽  
Craig N. Jenne
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Mrsa Infection

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) first emerged after methicillin was introduced to combat penicillin resistance, and its prevalence in Canada has increased since the first MRSA outbreak in the early 1980s. We reviewed the existing literature on MRSA prevalence in Canada over time and in diverse populations across the country. MRSA prevalence increased steadily in the 1990s and 2000s and remains a public health concern in Canada, especially among vulnerable populations, such as rural, remote, and Indigenous communities. Antibiotic resistance patterns and risk factors for MRSA infection were also reported. All studies reported high susceptibility (>85%) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with no significant resistance reported for vancomycin, linezolid, or rifampin. While MRSA continues to have susceptibility to several antibiotics, the high and sometimes variable resistance rates to other drugs underscores the importance of antimicrobial stewardship. Risk factors for high MRSA infection rates related to infection control measures, low socioeconomic status, and personal demographic characteristics were also reported. Additional surveillance, infection control measures, enhanced anti-microbial stewardship, and community education programs are necessary to decrease MRSA prevalence and minimize the public health risk posed by this pathogen.

scholarly journals Changing epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a low endemicity area—new challenges for MRSA control

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2299-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Junnila ◽  
Tiina Hirvioja ◽  
Esa Rintala ◽  
Kari Auranen ◽  
Kaisu Rantakokko-Jalava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Hospital District ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Healthcare Associated

AbstractThe incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has increased sharply in Hospital District of Southwest Finland (HD). To understand reasons behind this, a retrospective, population-based study covering 10 years was conducted. All new 983 MRSA cases in HD from January 2007 to December 2016 were analysed. Several data sources were used to gather background information on the cases. MRSA cases were classified as healthcare-associated (HA-MRSA), community-associated (CA-MRSA), and livestock contact was determined (livestock-associated MRSA, LA-MRSA). Spa typing was performed to all available strains. The incidence of MRSA doubled from 12.4 to 24.9 cases/100000 persons/year. The proportion of clinical infections increased from 25 to 32% in the 5-year periods, respectively, (p < 0.05). The median age decreased from 61 years in 2007 to 30 years in 2016. HA-MRSA accounted for 68% of all cases, of which 32% associated with 26 healthcare outbreaks. The proportion of CA-MRSA cases increased from 13% in 2007 to 43% in 2016. Of CA-MRSA cases, 43% were among family clusters, 32% in immigrants and 4% were LA-MRSA. The Gini-Simpson diversity index for spa types increased from 0.86 to 0.95 from the first to the second 5-year period. The proportion of a predominant strain t172 decreased from 43% in 2009 to 7% in 2016. The rise in the proportion of CA-MRSA, the switch to younger age groups, the complexity of possible transmission routes and the growing spa-type diversity characterize our current MRSA landscape. This creates challenges for targeted infection control measures, demanding further studies.

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