Predominance of a Single Restriction Endonuclease Analysis Group with Intrahospital Subgroup Diversity AmongClostridium difficileIsolates at Two Chicago Hospitals

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 648-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endale T. Mekonen ◽  
Dale N. Gerding ◽  
Susan P. Sambol ◽  
Jean M. Pottinger ◽  
Joseph J. Pulvirenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Endonuclease ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
County Hospital ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Endonuclease Analysis

Objective:To determine the epidemiology and relatedness ofClostridium difficileisolates in two geographically separated hospitals in a large metropolitan area, each with unique patients and personnel.Design:Observational descriptive molecular epidemiology of clinicalC. difficileisolates.Setting:Two tertiary-care hospitals in Chicago.Methods:ConsecutiveC. difficileisolates from the clinical laboratory of a Veterans Affairs hospital during a 13-month period were typed by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). During an overlapping 3-month period, stool specimens that tested positive forC. difficiletoxin from patients at a nearby county hospital were cultured and the recovered isolates typed by the same method.Results:Nineteen (68%) of 28 nosocomial isolates at the smaller, Veterans Affairs hospital belonged to REA group K. Within this group of closely related strains, 9 distinct REA types were recognized. Twenty-one (72%) of 29 nosocomial isolates at the larger, county hospital also belonged to group K. However, the predominant REA types within group K differed markedly at each institution.Conclusions:These findings demonstrate a high degree of similarity among nosocomialC. difficilestrains from different hospitals in the same city and suggest the possibility of an extended outbreak of a prototype group K strain with subsequent genetic drift at the two different institutions.

scholarly journals Nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile Protects Hamsters against Challenge with Historic and Epidemic Strains of Toxigenic BI/NAP1/027 C. difficile

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 5266-5270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin J. Nagaro ◽  
S. Tyler Phillips ◽  
Adam K. Cheknis ◽  
Susan P. Sambol ◽  
Walter E. Zukowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Endonuclease Analysis

ABSTRACTNontoxigenicClostridium difficile(NTCD) has been shown to prevent fatalC. difficileinfection in the hamster model when hamsters are challenged with standard toxigenicC. difficilestrains. The purpose of this study was to determine if NTCD can preventC. difficileinfection in the hamster model when hamsters are challenged with restriction endonuclease analysis group BIC. difficilestrains. Groups of 10 hamsters were given oral clindamycin, followed on day 2 by 106CFU of spores of NTCD strain M3 or T7, and were challenged on day 5 with 100 CFU of spores of BI1 or BI6. To conserve animals, results for control hamsters challenged with BI1 or BI6 from the present study and controls from previous identical experiments were combined for statistical comparisons. NTCD strains M3 and T7 achieved 100% colonization and were 100% protective against challenge with BI1 (P≤ 0.001). M3 colonized 9/10 hamsters and protected against BI6 challenge in the colonized hamsters (P= 0.0003). T7 colonized 10/10 hamsters, but following BI6 challenge, cocolonization occurred in 5 hamsters, 4 of which died, for protection of 6/10 animals (P= 0.02). NTCD colonization provides protection against challenge with toxigenic BI group strains. M3 is more effective than T7 in preventingC. difficileinfection caused by the BI6 epidemic strain. Prevention ofC. difficileinfection caused by the epidemic BI6 strain may be more challenging than that of infections caused by historic BI1 and non-BIC. difficilestrains.

scholarly journals Continuing Mycobacterium bovis transmission from animals to humans in New Zealand

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1068-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. BAKER ◽  
L. D. LOPEZ ◽  
M. C. CANNON ◽  
G. W. DE LISLE ◽  
D. M. COLLINS
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
Animal Reservoirs ◽  
Endonuclease Analysis

New Zealand has a large reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis infection in wild and farmed animals. This study aimed to assess the extent of human infection with this organism and the potential contribution of these animal sources. Combined epidemiological and laboratory investigation of human tuberculosis cases over the period 1995–2002 showed that M. bovis accounted for 2·7% (54/1997) of laboratory-confirmed human tuberculosis cases, a rate of 0·2/100000 population. M. bovis isolates from humans (23) were typed using restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and compared with isolates from wild and domestic animals (2600). Fourteen (61%) of the human isolates had REA patterns that were identical to patterns for isolates from cattle, deer, possums, ferrets, pigs, and occasionally cats. These results suggest a low level of ongoing M. bovis transmission from animal reservoirs to humans in New Zealand.

Transfusion transmission of cytomegalovirus confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Tolpin ◽  
John A. Stewart ◽  
Dora Warren ◽  
Benjamin A. Mojica ◽  
Mary A. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Endonuclease ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Endonuclease Analysis
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