Antibiotic Resistance Is a Major Risk Factor for Epidemic Behavior ofAcinetobacter baumannii

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes G.M. Koeleman ◽  
Madelon W. van der Bijl ◽  
Jeroen Stoof ◽  
Christina M.J.E. Vandenbroucke-Grauls ◽  
Paul H.M. Savelkoul
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Aflp Genotyping ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
Clonal Origin ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

AbstractObjective:To study the presence of bacterial factors in clinical isolates ofAcinetobacterspecies in order to identify markers of epidemic potential.Design:Case-control study.Methods:Forty-six isolates ofAcinetobacterspecies, including 23 epidemic and 23 sporadic strains from different outbreaks in nine European countries, were compared for the presence of the following factors: hemagglutination, presence of capsules and fimbriae, binding to salivary mucins, resistance to drying, and antibiogram typing. Genotyping of all strains was performed by amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP).Results:All outbreak strains except two (91%) were identified asAcinetobacter baumannii. Binding to salivary mucins and resistance to antibiotics were significantly associated with epidemic behavior. Antibiogram typing showed clustering of predominantlyA baumanniistrains within one group, and these strains were significantly more resistant to antibiotics than sporadic strains. AFLP genotyping revealed a great heterogeneity among the different EuropeanAcinetobacterstrains. Cluster analysis of AFLP fingerprints showed several small clusters of differentA baumanniioutbreak strains. AFLP genotyping could not identify a common epidemic marker within the strains studied.Conclusions:Antibiogram typing can be used in routine clinical laboratories as a screening method to recognize potentially epidemicA baumanniistrains. Several other factors were found, both in different outbreaks as well as in sporadicAcinetobacterisolates. These characteristics were unable to predict epidemic behavior and therefore cannot be used as discriminative epidemic markers. AFLP genotyping demonstrated no common clonal origin of European epidemicA baumanniistrains. This indicates that any clinicalA baumanniiisolate with resistance to multiple antibiotics can be a potential nosocomial outbreak strain.

scholarly journals The association between MMP-1 gene rs1799750 polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Geng ◽  
Yuansheng Xu ◽  
Wenhao Hu ◽  
Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽  
Standard Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Control Study

Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) degrades cartilage, which may result in osteoarthritis (OA) development. Several studies have explored the association between MMP-1 gene rs1799750 polymorphism and OA in different populations. However, the results are inconsistent. The aim of this case–control study was to investigate the association between MMP-1 gene rs1799750 polymorphism and knee OA in a Chinese population. The present study included 308 cases and 404 controls. Genotyping was performed using standard polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The present study found that 2G2G genotype (2G2G vs 1G1G: OR & 95% CI, 2.28 (1.47–3.53), P<0.001; 2G2G + 1G2G vs 1G1G: OR & 95% CI, 1.61 (1.15–2.24), P=0.005; 2G2G vs 1G2G + 1G1G: OR & 95% CI, 1.84 (1.26–2.68), P=0.002) or 2G allele carriers (2G vs 1G: OR & 95% CI, 1.48 (1.20–1.83), P<0.001) of MMP-1 gene rs1799750 polymorphism increased the risk of OA. In conclusion, this case–control study confirms that MMP-1 gene rs1799750 polymorphism increases the risk of knee OA in Chinese Han population.

scholarly journals OPN gene locus is associated with the risk of knee osteoarthritis: a case–control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houlai Shang ◽  
Yuedong Hao ◽  
Wenhao Hu ◽  
Xiaohui Hu ◽  
Qing Jin
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Gene Locus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Control Study

AbstractBackground/aims: Studies have demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) was associated with the severity and development of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: The purpose of this case–control study was to investigate the association between OPN gene rs11730582 polymorphism and knee OA risk in a Chinese population. Genotyping was analyzed using standard PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The present study found that C allele or CC genotype of OPN gene rs11730582 polymorphism was related to decreased risk for knee OA. Furthermore, positive associations were obtained amongst the females, and body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 groups. Conclusions: To sum up, the present study reveals that OPN gene rs11730582 polymorphism decreases the risk of knee OA in Chinese Han population.

An Outbreak of Salmonella enterica Serotype Litchfield Infection in Australia Linked to Consumption of Contaminated Papaya

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1094-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBYN GIBBS ◽  
NEVADA PINGAULT ◽  
TERRY MAZZUCCHELLI ◽  
LYN O'REILLY ◽  
BRIAN MacKENZIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Repeat Analysis ◽  
Control Study

An outbreak of 26 cases of Salmonella Litchfield infection occurred in the states of Western Australia and Queensland between October 2006 and January 2007. A case-control study was conducted with 12 cases and 24 controls, and a significant association was found between illness and consumption of papaya (odds ratio, 32.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.71 to 883.5). Papaya samples were collected from 26 stores in Western Australia, and 9 of 38 samples were contaminated with Salmonella Litchfield. These samples had pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis profiles indistinguishable from the outbreak strain. Three farms in Western Australia supplied the contaminated papaya, and two of these farms were inspected. Salmonella Litchfield was not detected in papaya samples, fungal sprays, or water samples from the farms; however, at one farm other serotypes of Salmonella were detected in untreated river water that was used for washing papaya. Only treated potable water should be used for washing fresh produce that is to be eaten raw.

scholarly journals The association between EGF A61G polymorphism and risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese population: a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Zhu ◽  
Yan Shen ◽  
Qigui Xie
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Epidermal Growth factor (EGF) could induce colorectal cancer (CRC) cell to develop epithelial mesenchymal-transition and enhance their ability to invade and migrate. Several studies have thrown light on the association between EGF gene polymorphism and risk of CRC, but with conflicting results. Therefore, we determined EGF A61G polymorphism by using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in 341 CRC cases and 472 controls in a Chinese population. Our results showed that EGF A61G polymorphism increased the risk of CRC in a Chinese population (GG vs AA: adjusted OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.27–2.91; P=0.002; GG+AG vs AA: adjusted OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.05–1.94; P=0.022; GG vs AG+AA: adjusted OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.15–2.39, P=0.007; G vs A: OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.14–1.69, P=0.001). Stratified analyses revealed that the significant association was more evident in the females, smokers, drinkers, and old subjects (age ≥60 years). Furthermore, the GG and/or AG genotype carriers were more likely to have larger tumor size and lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, EGF A61G polymorphism is a genetic contributor to CRC in a Chinese Han population.

scholarly journals Association of polymorphisms of the KCNQ1 and ADIPOQ genes with the prognosis of type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-96
Author(s):  
Е.С. Мельникова ◽  
О.Д. Рымар ◽  
А.А. Иванова ◽  
С.В. Мустафина ◽  
М.Ю. Шапкина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kcnq1 Gene ◽  
Adipoq Gene ◽  
Control Study

Цель работы - изучение ассоциации однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов rs2237892 гена KCNQ1 и rs6773957 гена ADIPOQ с сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2). На основе проспективного обследования репрезентативной популяционной выборки жителей г.Новосибирска сформированы две группы по принципу «случай - контроль». Группа СД2 (n=443, средний возраст 56,2 лет, мужчины - 28,8%, женщины - 71,2%), группа контроля (n=532, средний возраст 56,1 лет, мужчины - 33,8%, женщины - 66,2%) сформированы из банка ДНК международного исследования HAPIEE. ДНК выделена методом фенолхлороформной экстракции. Генотипирование выполнено методом ПЦР с последующим анализом полиморфизма длин рестрикционных фрагментов. Статистическая обработка проведена с использованием программного пакета SPSS 16.0. По частотам генотипов и аллелей полиморфизмов rs2237892 гена KCNQ1 и rs6773957 гена ADIPOQ не выявлено статистически значимых различий между группами, в том числе и при разделении по полу и возрасту (p>0,05). Значимого влияния rs2237892 гена KCNQ1 и rs6773957 гена ADIPOQ на риск развития СД2 не обнаружено. The aim of this work is study the association of rs2237892 and rs6773957 with T2D in a case-control study. Two groups was formed based on the case - control study. The T2D group is 443 person (mean age 56.2 years, men - 28.8 %, women - 66.2 %), the control group was selected according to the sex and age from the DNA bank of project Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) (n = 532, mean age 56.1 years, men - 33.8 %, women - 66.2 %). DNA was isolated by phenol-chloroform extraction. Genotyping was done by PCR followed by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistical processing was performed using the SPSS 16.0 software package. The genotypes frequencies of rs2237892 of the KCNQ1 gene and rs6773957 of the ADIPOQ gene did not show statistically significant differences. There was no significant effect of rs2237892 of the KCNQ1 gene and rs6773957 of the ADIPOQ gene on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Strengths and limitations of molecular subtyping in a community outbreak of Legionnaires' disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. KOOL ◽  
U. BUCHHOLZ ◽  
C. PETERSON ◽  
E. W. BROWN ◽  
R. F. BENSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Control Study

An epidemiological and microbiological investigation of a cluster of eight cases of Legionnaires' disease in Los Angeles County in November 1997 yielded conflicting results. The epidemiological part of the investigation implicated one of several mobile cooling towers used by a film studio in the centre of the outbreak area. However, water sampled from these cooling towers contained L. pneumophila serogroup 1 of another subtype than the strain that was recovered from case-patients in the outbreak. Samples from two cooling towers located downwind from all of the case-patients contained a Legionella strain that was indistinguishable from the outbreak strain by four subtyping techniques (AP-PCR, PFGE, MAb, and MLEE). It is unlikely that these cooling towers were the source of infection for all the case-patients, and they were not associated with risk of disease in the case-control study. The outbreak strain also was not distinguishable, by three subtyping techniques (AP-PCR, PFGE, and MAb), from a L. pneumophila strain that had caused an outbreak in Providence, RI, in 1993. Laboratory cross-contamination was unlikely because the initial subtyping was done in different laboratories.In this investigation, microbiology was helpful for distinguishing the outbreak cluster from unrelated cases of Legionnaires' disease occurring elsewhere. However, multiple subtyping techniques failed to distinguish environmental sources that were probably not associated with the outbreak. Persons investigating Legionnaires' disease outbreaks should be aware that microbiological subtyping does not always identify a source with absolute certainty.

scholarly journals First general outbreak of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in Denmark

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Jensen ◽  
S Ethelberg ◽  
A Gervelmeyer ◽  
E M Nielsen ◽  
K EP Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Control Study

This report describes the first general outbreak of verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) in Denmark. Twenty five patients, 18 children and seven adults, with culture-confirmed VTEC O157:H- infection and indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis DNA profiles, were identified during a six month period from September 2003 to March 2004. The outbreak strain possessed the virulence genes: eae, vtx1 and vtx2c. All patients but one presented with diarrhoea; none developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The outbreak was restricted to Copenhagen and surrounding areas. A case-control study including 11 cases and 55 matched controls revealed an association between VTEC O157:H- infection and shopping in a specific supermarket chain in Copenhagen and surrounding area, matched odds ratio (OR): 8.7 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-71). After exclusion of three assumed secondary cases, only consumption of a particular kind of organic milk from a small dairy was associated with disease OR: 8.7 (95% CI 1.6-48). Environmental and microbiological investigations at the suspected dairy did not confirm the presence of the outbreak strain, but the outbreak stopped once the dairy was closed and thoroughly cleaned.

scholarly journals rs744166 Polymorphism of theSTAT3Gene Is Associated with Risk of Gastric Cancer in a Chinese Population

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kexin Yuan ◽  
Huimin Liu ◽  
Lina Huang ◽  
Xiyun Ren ◽  
Jingjing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Development Of Gastric Cancer

The aim of this study was to explore the association between polymorphisms in signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (STAT3) and the risk of gastric cancer. In the present study, a case-control study was conducted in which rs2293152 and rs744166 polymorphisms inSTAT3were analyzed in 209 Chinese patients with gastric cancer and 294 cancer-free controls. The genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method. For the rs744166 polymorphism, the TC genotype (adjustedOR=0.60, 95% CI = 0.39–0.92, andP=0.020) and CC genotype (adjustedOR=0.41, 95%CI=0.21–0.80, andP=0.009) were associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer compared to the TT genotype. However, rs2293152 did not show any difference in gastric cancer risk between patients and controls in the CG/CC genotype compared to the GG genotype. Besides, the SNP effects were additive to the effects of environmental factors without any interaction between them in the susceptibility to gastric cancer. Collectively, rs744166 polymorphism might be significantly associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer in a Chinese population. Additionally, polymorphisms inSTAT3, along with environmental factors, might be associated with the development of gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Prognostic Value of MMP-9 -1562 C/T Gene Polymorphism in Patients With Sepsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117727191984795 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Bermúdez-Mejía ◽  
Melissa F Torres-Cordón ◽  
Silvia Becerra-Bayona ◽  
Carolina María Páez ◽  
Clara Inés Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Sepsis Mortality ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Metalloproteinase 9 ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position -1562 (C/T) in the MMP-9 gene has been associated with differential MMP-9 expression, being higher when the -1562 T allele is present. We evaluated the association of the SNP MMP9 -1562 C/T with severity and mortality in patients with sepsis to establish whether the prognosis of the disease is affected. Materials and Methods: A case-control study exploratory was carried out in a cohort of infected patients. 540 individuals were selected in total, 270 patients with sepsis and 270 controls (infected but non-septic), classified according to the 2016 consensus (Sepsis-3). The presence of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; allele T and/or allele C) was determined through analyses of restriction fragment length polymorphism and plasma levels of MMP-9 were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay immunoassay. Results: SNP MMP-9 -1562 has two known alleles (T and C), with predominance of the C over the T allele; in the group of patients with sepsis, T allele was found in 7.2% of cases, while C allele in the rest (92.8%); in comparison, in the group of infected but non-septic patients, frequencies were 9.4% for T allele and 90.6% for the C allele ( P = .33). Also, the presence of the polymorphic T allele was not related to the levels of MMP-9 in patients with sepsis in comparison with infected but non-septic patients 780 (397-1375) ng/mL vs 646 (172-1249) ng/mL ( P = .64). There was also no association between the SNP and sepsis mortality ( P = .78). Conclusions: We concluded that there was no association between the SNP MMP9 -1562 C/T and sepsis or between the SNP MMP9 -1562 C/T and sepsis mortality in the Northeastern Colombian septic patient cohort. Further research is needed to clarify the correlation among sepsis, genetic factors with allele T and MMP-9 plasma concentration.

scholarly journals Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) and angiotensinogen (AGT M235T) polymorphisms with the risk of obesity in a Tunisian population

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 147032032090782
Author(s):  
Wided Khamlaoui ◽  
Sounira Mehri ◽  
Sonia Hammami ◽  
Roberto Elosua ◽  
Mohamed Hammami
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Tunisian Population ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Objective: This study aims to determine whether genetic variants in ACE I/D and AGT M235T are associated with overweight-obesity and body mass index (BMI) in a Tunisian population. Methods: We designed an age- and sex-matched case-control study. The height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. A total of 259 overweight-obese patients and 369 healthy controls were genotyped for the ACE I/D and AGT M235T genes using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: ACE I/D and AGT M235T genes were associated with BMI, waist circumference and overweight-obesity (p⩽0.001). In an additive model, the I and the M alleles in ACE and AGT variants, respectively, were associated with a lower BMI: –1.45 and −2.29 units, respectively. ACE I/D genotypes were associated with dyslipidemia; AGT M235T genotypes with dyslipidemia and total cholesterol. Conclusion: These data suggest that variations in ACE I/D and AGT M235T affect the risk of overweight-obesity, BMI and dyslipidemia, and could point to a key molecular pathway of metabolic syndrome and its related comorbidities.

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