Clostridium difficile- Associated Diarrhea in a VA Medical Center Clustering of Cases, Association With Antibiotic Usage, and Impact on HIV-infected Patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lona R. Mody ◽  
Sharon M. Smith ◽  
Lisa L. Dever
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Control Study

AbstractA case-control study of patients with stools assayed forClostridium difficiletoxin over a 24-month period at a Veterans Affairs hospital found that the majority of cases (70.6%) occurred in temporal clusters. Clustering was particularly evident on a designated human immunodeficiency virus (RW) unit. Thirty-four (75.5%) of 45 HIV-infected patients withC difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) died during their hospitalization. Third-generation cephalosporins were the antibiotics most strongly associated with CDAD.

S1229 Risk Factors for Recurrent Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. S-209
Author(s):  
Nabeel Koro ◽  
Yazan Abdalla ◽  
Fasiha Kanwal ◽  
Jay R. McDonald ◽  
Angelique L. Zeringue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea ◽  
Control Study

The Epidemiology of Mupirocin Resistance Among Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusat a Veterans' Affairs Hospital

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose E. Vasquez ◽  
Elaine S. Walker ◽  
Bettylene W. Franzus ◽  
Barbara K. Overbay ◽  
David R. Reagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
Mupirocin Ointment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Control Study

Objective:To describe the clinical and molecular epidemiology of mupirocin-resistant (MR) and mupirocin-susceptible (MS) methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) at a Veterans' Affairs hospital and to assess risk factors associated with the acquisition of MR MRSA.Design:All clinical MRSA isolates for the period October 1990 through March 1995 underwent susceptibility testing to mupirocin. Mupirocin resistance trends were measured, and MS MRSA and MR MRSA isolates underwent typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A retrospective case-control study was conducted to evaluate risk factors for having MR versus MS MRSA.Setting:The James H. Quillen Veterans' Affairs Medical Center in Mountain Home, Tennessee, included a 324-bed acute-care hospital, a 120-bed nursing home, and a 525-bed domiciliary. Colonizations and infections with MRSA were endemic, and mupirocin ointment was commonly used.Patients:Inpatients and outpatients at the facility.Results:MS MRSA was recovered from 506 patients and MR MRSA from 126. Among MR MRSA isolates, 58% showed low-level mupirocin resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥4 to 256 μg/mL), and 42% showed high-level mupirocin resistance (MIC ≥512 μg/mL). A significant increase (P=.002) in the number of high-level MR isolates occurred during the 1993 to 1995 period. A case-control study showed that presence of a decubitus ulcer correlated with high-level resistant isolates (P<.05). The distribution of PFGE patterns did not differ for MR and MS MRSA.Conclusions:Use of mupirocin ointment in a program aimed at managing endemic MRSA infection or colonization resulted in a significant increase in the recovery of high-level MR MRSA isolates. These isolates appeared to emerge from our existing MRSA pool. A case-control study provided few clues concerning patients likely to harbor MR MRSA We confirmed the position that the extended use of mupirocin ointment should be avoided in settings where MRSA is endemic.

scholarly journals Case‐Control Study of Risk Factors forPenicillium marneffeiInfection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients in Northern Thailand

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwat Chariyalertsak ◽  
Thira Sirisanthana ◽  
Khuanchai Supparatpinyo ◽  
Jutharat Praparattanapan ◽  
Kenrad E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila Haider ◽  
Ghosia Lutfullah ◽  
Irshad Ur Rehman ◽  
Irfan Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

Objectives: The present study aims to identify the risk factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1(HIV-1) infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) population by comparing HIV-antibody positive cases with HIV-antibody-negative controls. Methods: The study was designed at the Family Care Centre (FCC), Hayatabad Medical Centre (HMC) Peshawar from February 2015 to December 2016. A total of 280 individuals were selected randomly for the study as cases and control. Data was collected on a structured questionnaire with informed oral consent. The collected data was analysed statistically using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 280 individuals, 56% were males, 44% were females, and 53.21% belonged to the urban areas. The literacy rate was 48.6%, and 75.4% were married. The statistical analysis of risk factors revealed the following factors as of significance value (p < 0.05). Family history of HIV (OR = 9.46), spouse status of HIV (OR=22.22), injection drug users (IDUs), migrants (OR=2.234), use of therapeutic injections (OR= 2.791), employment (OR=2.545), male gender (OR=2.35), tattooing (OR=7.667) and history of blood transfusion (OR= 2.69). Conclusion: The present study revealed spouse status of HIV, tattooing, migrants, IDUs, use of therapeutic injections, history of blood transfusion, male gender and employment as significant risk factors for HIV infection in the population of KP. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 How to cite this:Haider J, Lutfullah G, Irshad ur Rehman, Khattak I. Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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