Hepatitis B Vaccination of Personnel Employed in Victorian Hospitals: Are Those at Risk Adequately Protected?

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra C. Thompson ◽  
Maureen Norris
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Primary Series ◽  
Job Title ◽  
Rural Institutions ◽  
Hepatitis B Prevention

AbstractObjective:To examine the policies and practices in hospitals within the state of Victoria, Australia, with respect to vaccination of staff against hepatitis B infection.Design:A written self-administered questionnaire to be completed by the infection control officer (or designated officer for hepatitis B vaccination) within each hospital.Setting:Public (teaching and nonteaching) and private hospitals, including metropolitan and rural institutions in Victoria.Participants:A random sample of 30% of Victorian hospitals were asked to participate in the survey. Of 78 eligible institutions, 69 (88%) completed and returned questionnaires.Results:There was no consistent hepatitis B prevention policy in place across Victoria. Of the 69 responding hospitals, 63 (91%) offered hepatitis B vaccination to staff, and 58 (84%) of these also paid all costs of vaccination. Of the 63 hospitals offering vaccination to staff, 39 offered vaccination to all staff, 23 offered vaccination based on job title, and one offered vaccination based on anticipated exposure. In many institutions, postexposure protocols were recalled more readily than preexposure vaccination guidelines. Numerous respondents indicated a need for clear guidelines on policy and clarification on practical matters of management, such as acceptable immune levels, management of nonresponders to the primary series, and the need for, and timing of, booster doses of vaccine. Eleven (18%) of the 63 hospitals offering hepatitis B vaccination to staff undertook routine prevaccination screening, a practice not generally regarded as cost-effective in Australia. Fifty-five of these hospitals (91%) also undertook postvaccination screening.Conclusions:It is evident from this study that a considerable number of potentially susceptible healthcare personnel in Victorian hospitals remain unprotected against hepatitis B infection. A more reliable and consistent approach to preexposure hepatitis B vaccination is recommended

Hepatitis B vaccination for healthcare personnel in American Samoa: pre-implementation survey for policy decision

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
pp. 2610-2615 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. LY ◽  
H. ROBERTS ◽  
R. E. WILLIAMS ◽  
Y. MASUNU-FALEAFAGA ◽  
J. DROBENIUC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Needlestick Injury ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Employees

SUMMARYAmerican Samoa does not have a hepatitis B vaccination policy for healthcare personnel (HCP). Consequently, hepatitis B has remained a health threat to HCP. In this study, we performed a cross-sectional study and examined demographic and risk information and hepatitis B vaccination, testing, and serostatus in hospital employees in American Samoa. Of 604 hospital employees, 231 (38·2%) participated, and of these, 158 (68·4%) were HCP. Of HCP participants, 1·9% had chronic hepatitis B infection, 36·1% were susceptible, and 60·8% were immune. Nearly half of HCP participants reported history of needlestick injury. Overall, participants' knowledge of their hepatitis B infection and vaccination status was low. These data support the adoption of a hepatitis B vaccination policy for HCP by American Samoa, as currently recommended by the World Health Organization and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adherence to the policy could be monitored as a way to measure protection.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis b infection in HIV infected children seen at national hospital Abuja

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
O.A. Adeoye ◽  
O. Oniyangi ◽  
I.A. Ojuawo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Paediatric Hiv

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus infection remains a global pandemic. Co infection with hepatitis B virus leads to rapid progression to AIDS if not diagnosed and promptly treated or better still prevented. The study aims at determining the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B infection in HIV infected children being followed up at the Paediatric HIV clinic. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study of 261 HIV infected children aged eight months to fourteen years to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B infection and pattern of hepatitis B vaccination was carried out between July and October 2012 at the Paediatric HIV clinic of National Hospital Abuja. Ethical approval was obtained from Ethical Committee of the hospital. Vaccination and transfusion history were obtained from the parents and guardians of the subjects using a proforma after signed informed consent. Blood samples were collected for Hepatitis B surface antigen screening and Hepatitis B screening in those with HBsAg positive blood samples. Results: Only 3 (1.15%) of the 261 HIV infected children had Hepatitis B infection. All the children less than 5 years old in this cohort received hepatitis B vaccination and none of them had Hepatitis B infection. The HIV/HBV co infected children were older than ten years (p = 0.047) and history of blood transfusion (p = 0.003) was also significant. However, scarification (p = 0.996), local circumcision (p = 0.928); uvulectomy (p = 0.898) were not significant risk factors in this cohort. Conclusion: There is need to intensify routine hepatitis B vaccination and routine screening of blood before necessary transfusion. This would further lead to a low prevalence of Hepatitis B in HIV infected children and the general populace at large.

Plugging gaps in China's hepatitis B prevention would be cost effective

BMJ ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 339 (oct28 2) ◽  
pp. b4420-b4420
Author(s):  
J. Parry
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hepatitis B Prevention

scholarly journals Hepatitis B infection among indigenous people in Nepal: looking through an equity lens

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Purusotam Raj Shedain ◽  
Gehanath Baral ◽  
Basant Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Global Issues

Background: Disparity in health care service and disease prevalence are global issues. Hepatitis B infection is a global public health problem; its prevalence is ubiquitous and heterogeneous.This article reviews the situation and an impact of hepatitis B infection in the indigenous people in Nepal through the lens of equity perspective.Methods: Literature search and collection of information from different sources.Results: Hepatitis B prevalence is low (0.9%) at the country level in Nepal but higher, up to 38%, among the indigenous population compared to the national prevalence. Those who live in the high endemic areas are at risk of getting the infection from both vertical and horizontal mode of transmission. The unvaccinated cohort of infant (0-11 months) between 2003 and 2016 has swollen, 2764362 in number or 29 % of the total cohort. The National Immunization Program (NIP) administered hepatitis B vaccination at 6 weeks of birth, considering the low prevalence at the national level. The NIP does not prevent perinatal transmission of the infection. The mother to child transmission of the infection often leads to chronic liver diseases and about 20–30% of adults who are chronically infected will develop cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. The indigenous populations are thus disproportionately affected by the infection.Conclusions: The policy update is required to implement the hepatitis B vaccination at birth or within 24 hours in high endemic setting along with a comprehensive package to reduce the disparity, prevent the transmission, risk of chronic infection and its sequelae to achieve the national goal and international commitment on the sustainable development goal by 2030.

scholarly journals A Simulation Shows That Early Treatment Of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Can Cut Deaths And Be Cost-Effective

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Post ◽  
Neetu Khurana Sodhi ◽  
Chia-hui Peng ◽  
Kejia Wan ◽  
Henry J. Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

scholarly journals Seroprotection after hepatitis B vaccination in chronic kidney disease patients with modified schedule and dosage

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (06) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shireen Siddiqui ◽  
Abida Malik ◽  
Indu Shukla ◽  
Meher Rizvi ◽  
Shahzad F. Haque
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Patient Response ◽  
Vaccine Schedule ◽  
Antibody Titers

Background: This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of four doses of 40 µg vaccine in chronic kidney disease patients as compared to the three-dose 20 µg vaccine schedule given to the normal healthy population. Methodology: This study included 130 chronic kidney disease patients. Of these 84 were given 20 µg vaccine (52 patients were given three doses at 0, one and two months, and 32 patients were given four doses at 0, one, two and six months) and 46 patients were given 40 µg vaccine (30 patients were given three doses at 0, one and two months and 16 patients were given four doses at 0, one, two and six months). Patient response was assessed by measuring antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti HBs) one month after receiving the third and fourth doses each. Results: Of the patient who received three doses of 20 µg vaccine, 57.7% showed seroprotection while 68.7% of the patients who received four doses of this vaccine showed seroprotection. In contrast, 60% of the patients who received three doses of 40 µg vaccine had seroprotective antibody titers while 87.5% of the patients receiving four doses of 40 µg vaccine showed seroprotection. Conclusions: Seroprotection after four doses of 40 µg vaccine at 0, one, two, and six months was found to be better and cost effective in chronic kidney disease patients compared to three doses of 20 µg vaccine given to normal healthy individuals with adequate renal function.

Comparison of Higher-Dose Intradermal Hepatitis B Vaccination to Standard Intramuscular Vaccination of Healthcare Workers

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Henderson ◽  
Thomas J. Louie ◽  
Karam Ramotar ◽  
Donna Ledgerwood ◽  
Karen Myrthu Hope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay

Objective.To compare the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine administered via intradermal (ID) versus intramuscular (IM) route.Methods:Subjects chose either to specify the route of immunization or to undergo random allocation to vaccination by the ID (0.15 mL) or the IM (1.0 mL) route. Yeast-derived recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was given at 0, 30, and 180 days. Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) were measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay.Results:763 subjects were enrolled. Baseline screening identified 65 subjects (8%) who were positive for HBsAb or HBcAb. Vaccination was completed by 590 (85%) of 698 enrollees (370 ID, 220 IM). Seroconversion rates (geometric mean titers [GMT]>0 IU/mL HBsAb) for those vaccinated ID were 99% and 96% for screening at 9 months and 1 year post-vaccination, respectively; subjects vaccinated intramuscularly had similar rates of 95% and 96%. Seropositivity rates (GMT ≥ 10 IU/mL HBsAb) showed a similar pattern, with 95%, 92%, and 73% at 9 months and 1 and 2 years, respectively, for those vaccinated ID, and 94%, 93%, and 81% for those having IM vaccination. GMT for HBsAb was significantly higher for individuals vaccinated IM than for those vaccinated ID (P<.0001). The GMT ratio for the IM and ID routes decreased over time, being 9.3 at 9 months, 7.8 at 1 year, and 5.9 at 2 years. An unanticipated side effect of intradermal vaccination was skin discoloration at injection sites, which persisted for at least 2 years postvaccination. Two thirds (112/166) of respondents reported that they would have selected the ID route despite the discoloration.Conclusions:Higher-dose ID vaccination (3 vs 1 μg per injection) uses one sixth of the dose required for standard IM vaccination. It is a cost-effective way to vaccinate populations against hepatitis B virus, but the long-term efficacy of the ID route must still be investigated.

Impact of neonatal hepatitis B vaccination programme on age-specific prevalence of hepatitis B infection in teenage mothers in Hong Kong

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
pp. 2131-2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. LAO ◽  
D. S. SAHOTA ◽  
S. S. H. SUEN ◽  
P. K. S. CHAN ◽  
T. Y. LEUNG
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
Neonatal Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYWe examined the impact of the neonatal hepatitis B immunization programme, first provided to all neonates born to mothers screened positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in late 1983, on the age-specific prevalence of HBsAg carriage in teenage mothers managed in 1998–2008. HBsAg carriage was found in 2·5%, 2·7%, 8·8% and 8·0% of mothers aged ⩽16, 17, 18, and 19 years, respectively (P = 0·004), which was also correlated with advancing age (P = 0·011). While neither difference nor correlation with age was found in mothers born before 1984, the prevalence of 1·2%, 1·5%, 7·1% and 8·3%, respectively, was significantly different among (P = 0·008) and correlated with (P = 0·002) age in mothers born 1984 onwards. Regression analysis indicated there was a significantly higher incidence of HBsAg carriage from age 17 onwards (adjusted odds ratio 2·55, 95% confidence interval 1·07–6·10,P = 0·035), suggesting that the protective effect of the vaccine declined in late adolescence.

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