Bacterial Filters in Anesthesia: Results of 9 Years of Surveillance

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 58-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn van Hassel ◽  
Margot Laveaux ◽  
Marianne Leenders ◽  
Jan A. Kaan ◽  
Joke Mintjes
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Breathing Circuit ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Patient Factors ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Bacterial Filters ◽  
American Society ◽  
American Society Of Anesthesiologists

Abstract In 9 years of surveillance of postoperative lower respiratory infections, the infection rate in patients following regional anesthesia was 0.2% and 0.1% in patients following general anesthesia. No bacterial filters in the breathing circuit were used. Infected patients had risk factors such as type of surgery, American Society of Anesthesiologists class ≥2, old age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or smoking habits. Infections were not clustered. This suggests that, in our setting, patient factors are most important in the development of postoperative lower respiratory infections and that the role of bacterial filters as a preventive measure is negligible.

Morbidity and Mortality in Cirrhotic Patients Undergoing Anesthesia and Surgery 

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avishai Ziser ◽  
David J. Plevak ◽  
Russell H. Wiesner ◽  
Jorge Rakela ◽  
Kenneth P. Offord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Intraoperative Hypotension ◽  
Elevated Creatinine ◽  
American Society ◽  
American Society Of Anesthesiologists

Background Patients with cirrhosis have a reduced life expectancy. Anesthesia and surgery have been associated with clinical decompensation in patients with cirrhosis. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients with the diagnosis of cirrhosis who underwent any surgical procedure under anesthesia at their institution between January 1980 and January 1991 (n = 733). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the variables associated with perioperative complications and short- and long-term survival. Results The perioperative mortality rate (within 30 days of surgery) was 11.6%. The perioperative complication rate was 30.1%. Postoperative pneumonia was the most frequent complication. Multivariate factors that were associated with perioperative complications and mortality included male gender, a high Child-Pugh score, the presence of ascites, a diagnosis of cirrhosis other than primary biliary cirrhosis (especially cryptogenic cirrhosis), an elevated creatinine concentration, the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, preoperative infection, preoperative upper gastrointestinal bleeding, a high American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status rating, a high surgical severity score, surgery on the respiratory system, and the presence of intraoperative hypotension. Conclusion Risk factors have been identified for patients with cirrhosis who undergo anesthesia and surgery.

scholarly journals Infection-Associated Mechanisms of Neuro-Inflammation and Neuro-Immune Crosstalk in Chronic Respiratory Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5699
Author(s):  
Belinda Camp ◽  
Sabine Stegemann-Koniszewski ◽  
Jens Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Neuro Inflammation

Chronic obstructive airway diseases are characterized by airflow obstruction and airflow limitation as well as chronic airway inflammation. Especially bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide, can be difficult to treat, and ultimately lack cures. While there are substantial knowledge gaps with respect to disease pathophysiology, our awareness of the role of neurological and neuro-immunological processes in the development of symptoms, the progression, and the outcome of these chronic obstructive respiratory diseases, is growing. Likewise, the role of pathogenic and colonizing microorganisms of the respiratory tract in the development and manifestation of asthma and COPD is increasingly appreciated. However, their role remains poorly understood with respect to the underlying mechanisms. Common bacteria and viruses causing respiratory infections and exacerbations of chronic obstructive respiratory diseases have also been implicated to affect the local neuro-immune crosstalk. In this review, we provide an overview of previously described neuro-immune interactions in asthma, COPD, and respiratory infections that support the hypothesis of a neuro-immunological component in the interplay between chronic obstructive respiratory diseases, respiratory infections, and respiratory microbial colonization.

Role of exhaled nitric oxide in predicting steroid response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (51) ◽  
pp. 2083-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Antus
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Exhaled Nitric Oxide ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Steroid Response

A kilégzett levegőben mérhető nitrogén-monoxid a legszélesebb körben vizsgált légúti biomarker. A stabil állapotú krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegségben a kilégzett nitrogén-monoxid-szint hasonló vagy csak kismértékben emelkedett az egészségesekhez képest. Mivel a nitrogén-monoxid-szint szoros összefüggést mutat a légúti eosinophilia mértékével, és mivel az eosinophil típusú légúti gyulladás szteroidokra érzékenyebb, az emelkedett nitrogén-monoxid-szinttel rendelkező betegek jobb válaszkészséget mutatnak az inhalációs vagy szisztémás kortikoszteroidkezelésre. A krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegség akut exacerbatiója során a kilégzett nitrogén-monoxid szintje megemelkedik, majd ennek kezelése után csökken. Mivel a nitrogén-monoxid-szint és a kezelés során elért légzésfunkciós javulás szoros korrelációt mutat egymással, a nitrogén-monoxid-méréssel a terápiás válasz megjósolható. Összefoglalva: a nitrogén-monoxid-méréssel a krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegségben szenvedő betegek olyan alcsoportját lehet elkülöníteni, amelynek szteroidérzékenysége nagyobb. Orv. Hetil., 2010, 151, 2083–2088.

Participation of ABCA1 transporter in development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-370
Author(s):  
Stanislav N. Kotlyarov ◽  
Anna A. Kotlyarova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Reverse Transport ◽  
Current Paradigm

Despite all achievements of the modern medicine, the problem of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) does not lose its relevance. The current paradigm suggests a key role of macrophages in inflammation in COPD. Macrophages are known to be heterogeneous in their functions. This heterogeneity is determined by their immunometabolic profile and also by peculiarities of lipid homeostasis of cells. Aim. To analyze the role of the ABCA1 transporter, a member of the ABC A subfamily, in the pathogenesis of COPD. The expression of ABCA1 in lung tissues is on the second place after the liver, which shows the important role of the carrier and of lipid homeostasis in the function of lungs. Analysis of the literature shows that participation of the transporter in inflammation consists in regulation of the content of cholesterol in the lipid rafts of the membranes, in phagocytosis and apoptosis. Conclusion. Through regulation of the process of reverse transport of cholesterol in macrophages of lungs, ABCA1 can change their inflammatory response, which makes a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of COPD.

scholarly journals The Ability of Metabolomics to Discriminate Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Subtypes Depends on the Stage of the Disease and the Type of Material Studied

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3314
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kowalczyk ◽  
Joanna Kisluk ◽  
Karolina Pietrowska ◽  
Joanna Godzien ◽  
Miroslaw Kozlowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Nsclc Patients

Identification of the NSCLC subtype at an early stage is still quite sophisticated. Metabolomics analysis of tissue and plasma of NSCLC patients may indicate new, and yet unknown, metabolic pathways active in the NSCLC. Our research characterized the metabolomics profile of tissue and plasma of patients with early and advanced NSCLC stage. Samples were subjected to thorough metabolomics analyses using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. Tissue and/or plasma samples from 137 NSCLC patients were analyzed. Based on the early stage tissue analysis, more than 200 metabolites differentiating adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) subtypes as well as normal tissue, were identified. Most of the identified metabolites were amino acids, fatty acids, carnitines, lysoglycerophospholipids, sphingomyelins, plasmalogens and glycerophospholipids. Moreover, metabolites related to N-acyl ethanolamine (NAE) biosynthesis, namely glycerophospho (N-acyl) ethanolamines (GP-NAE), which discriminated early-stage SCC from ADC, have also been identified. On the other hand, the analysis of plasma of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and NSCLC patients allowed exclusion of the metabolites related to the inflammatory state in lungs and the identification of compounds (lysoglycerophospholipids, glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins) truly characteristic to cancer. Our results, among already known, showed novel, thus far not described, metabolites discriminating NSCLC subtypes, especially in the early stage of cancer. Moreover, the presented results also indicated the activity of new metabolic pathways in NSCLC. Further investigations on the role of NAE biosynthesis pathways in the early stage of NSCLC may reveal new prognostic and diagnostic targets.

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Paving the Way to Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2889
Author(s):  
Klára Szalontai ◽  
Nikolett Gémes ◽  
József Furák ◽  
Tünde Varga ◽  
Patrícia Á. Neuperger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Alveolar Wall ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Disease Epidemiology

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the frequently fatal pathology of the respiratory tract, accounts for half a billion cases globally. COPD manifests via chronic inflammatory response to irritants, frequently to tobacco smoke. The progression of COPD from early onset to advanced disease leads to the loss of the alveolar wall, pulmonary hypertension, and fibrosis of the respiratory epithelium. Here, we focus on the epidemiology, progression, and biomarkers of COPD with a particular connection to lung cancer. Dissecting the cellular and molecular players in the progression of the disease, we aim to shed light on the role of smoking, which is responsible for the disease, or at least for the more severe symptoms and worse patient outcomes. We summarize the inflammatory conditions, as well as the role of EMT and fibroblasts in establishing a cancer-prone microenvironment, i.e., the soil for ‘COPD-derived’ lung cancer. We highlight that the major health problem of COPD can be alleviated via smoking cessation, early diagnosis, and abandonment of the usage of biomass fuels on a global basis.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Shuts Doors to Flu but Keeps Them Open to Rhinoviruses

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 733
Author(s):  
Irina Kiseleva ◽  
Andrey Ksenafontov
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Viral Interference ◽  
The Common

It is well known that rhinoviruses are distributed across the globe and are the most common cause of the common cold in all age groups. Rhinoviruses are widely considered to be harmless because they are generally perceived as respiratory viruses only capable of causing mild disease. However, they may also infect the lower respiratory tract, inducing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exacerbations of asthma, bronchiolitis, etc. The role of rhinoviruses in pathogenesis and the epidemiological process is underestimated, and they need to be intensively studied. In the light of recent data, it is now known that rhinoviruses could be one of the key epidemiological barriers that may influence the spread of influenza and novel coronaviruses. It has been reported that endemic human rhinoviruses delayed the development of the H1N1pdm09 influenza pandemic through viral interference. Moreover, human rhinoviruses have been suggested to block SARS-CoV-2 replication in the airways by triggering an interferon response. In this review, we summarized the main biological characteristics of genetically distinct viruses such as rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, and SARS-CoV-2 in an attempt to illuminate their main discrepancies and similarities. We hope that this comparative analysis will help us to better understand in which direction research in this area should move.

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