Developmental Regulation of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Leaves and Glandular Trichomes of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cícero Deschamps ◽  
David Gang ◽  
Natalia Dudareva ◽  
James E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Volatile Organic Compounds of the Glandular Trichomes of Ocimum basilicum and Artifacts during the Distillation of the Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7312
Author(s):  
Bruno Tirillini ◽  
Filippo Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Main Components

Focusing on volatile organic compounds (VOC) of Ocimum basilicum, this study aims to determine the chemical composition of VOC in secretory trichomes and compare it with that of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves. The technique of extracting the content of glandular trichomes refers to the microneedle shuttle analysis. Hydrodistillation of fresh leaves was done with a Clevenger distiller (EO). The chemical compositions were determined by GC/FID and GC/MS. The head of the capitate trichomes does not contain volatile compounds. Fifty volatile compounds were detected in the EO, and twenty-four volatile compounds were detected in the VOC; the main components were eugenol (from 15.47% ± 1.05% to 41.89% ± 2.83%) and linalool (from 32.05% ± 2.57% to 28.99% ± 2.32%), respectively. During the distillation of the basil leaves 26 artifacts are formed. The composition of the essential oil of O. basilicum therefore depends not only on the plant but also on the method used to obtain it.

scholarly journals Developmental Regulation of Monoterpene Biosynthesis in the Glandular Trichomes of Peppermint

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie E. McConkey ◽  
Jonathan Gershenzon ◽  
Rodney B. Croteau
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Monoterpene Biosynthesis

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE ESSENTIAL OILS AND TRICHOME DENSITY OF OCIMUM BASILICUM L.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1165e-1165
Author(s):  
Renee G. Murray ◽  
James E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Trichome Formation ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Plant Maturity

Essential oil content of Ocimum basilicum, cv. sweet basil, increases with plant maturity. The increase in essential oil content may correspond to the formation of glandular trichomes during leaf expansion. Greenhouse grown plants were harvested every 2 weeks. Leaves were grouped according to size, examined with a stereo microscope, and trichome densities compared. Results indicate that trichome formation continues throughout leaf expansion. In young basil plants, leaves ranged in size from 2-30cm2 Highest density (416 trichomes/cm2) occurred in leaves 2–6c m2. Prior to open bloom, leaves ranged in size from 2-49cm2. Highest density occurred in leaves 18-24c m2. In flowering plants leaves ranged in size from 2-34cm2, yet there was NSD in trichome density in leaves of different sizes. Analysis of the entire leaf surface of plants at each harvest showed the greatest density of trichomes in plants at full bloom (280 trichomes/c m2). All leaves have visible glandular trichomes. These glandular trichomes are most likely formed both prior to and during leaf expansion.

scholarly journals Developmental regulation of lupulin gland-associated genes in aromatic and bitter hops (Humulus lupulus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Patzak ◽  
Alena Henychová ◽  
Jaroslav Matoušek
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Bitter Acids ◽  
Bitter Acid ◽  
Developmental Differentiation

Abstract Background Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) bitter acids are valuable metabolites for the brewing industry. They are biosynthesized and accumulate in glandular trichomes of the female inflorescence (hop cone). The content of alpha bitter acids, such as humulones, in hop cones can differentiate aromatic from bitter hop cultivars. These contents are subject to genetic and environmental control but significantly correlate with the number and size of glandular trichomes (lupulin glands). Results We evaluated the expression levels of 37 genes involved in bitter acid biosynthesis and morphological and developmental differentiation of glandular trichomes to identify key regulatory factors involved in bitter acid content differences. For bitter acid biosynthesis genes, upregulation of humulone synthase genes, which are important for the biosynthesis of alpha bitter acids in lupulin glands, could explain the higher accumulation of alpha bitter acids in bitter hops. Several transcription factors, including HlETC1, HlMYB61 and HlMYB5 from the MYB family, as well as HlGLABRA2, HlCYCB2–4, HlZFP8 and HlYABBY1, were also more highly expressed in the bitter hop cultivars; therefore, these factors may be important for the higher density of lupulin glands also seen in the bitter hop cultivars. Conclusions Gene expression analyses enabled us to investigate the differences between aromatic and bitter hops. This study confirmed that the bitter acid content in glandular trichomes (lupulin glands) is dependent on the last step of alpha bitter acid biosynthesis and glandular trichome density.

scholarly journals THE SECRETORY STRUCTURE OF ESSENTIAL OILS IN SOME SPECIES OF LAMIACEAE FOR TRADITIONAL COSMETICS OF BESEMAH TRIBES LAHAT’S DISTRICT

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Tanzerina ◽  
Nita Aminasih ◽  
Erliah
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Mentha Arvensis ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus ◽  
Ocimum Americanum

Besemah tribe uses plants in addition to the treatment is also used for beauty treatments traditionally. Based on Agustina's (2015) study, 109 species of plants were used for traditional medicine by the Tribe of Besemah. Some species of Lamiaceae for traditional medicine such as patchouli (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.), wild mint (Mentha arvensis L.), hoary basil (Ocimum americanum L.), mexican mint (Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng.), and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) contains essential oils that can be used for traditional cosmetic ingredients. Essential oils are stored in the secretory structure of plants in leaf and stem organs. This study aims to determine the type and location of the secretory structure of essential oils in some species of lamiaceae used for traditional cosmetics of Besemah Tribes Lahat’s District. The research was conducted in November 2016 until February 2017. The results showed that patchouli plants was found in the presence of glandular trichomes, oil cells, and idioblast cells. The wild mint plants have glandular trichomes. The hoary basil plants have glandular trichomes and oil cells. The mexican mint plants have glandular trichomes and idioblast cells. The sweet basil plants have glandulartrichomes.Keywords: essential oils, lamiaceae, traditional cosmetics, Besemah tribes,  glandular trichomes, oil cells, idioblast cells

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Profiling of Fruit Development in Black Raspberry Rubus coreanus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Qing Chen ◽  
Xunju Liu ◽  
Yueyang Hu ◽  
Bo Sun ◽  
Yaodong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis

The wild Rubus species R. coreanus, which is widely distributed in southwest China, shows great promise as a genetic resource for breeding. One of its outstanding properties is adaptation to high temperature and humidity. To facilitate its use in selection and breeding programs, we assembled de novo 179,738,287 R. coreanus reads (125 bp in length) generated by RNA sequencing from fruits at three representative developmental stages. We also used the recently released draft genome of R. occidentalis to perform reference-guided assembly. We inferred a final 95,845-transcript reference for R. coreanus. Of these genetic resources, 66,597 (69.5%) were annotated. Based on these results, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes. Flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched throughout the ripening process. We identified 23 transcripts involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway whose expression perfectly paralleled changes in the metabolites. Additionally, we identified 119 nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) protein-coding genes, involved in pathogen resistance, of which 74 were in the completely conserved domain. These results provide, for the first time, genome-wide genetic information for understanding developmental regulation of R. coreanus fruits. They have the potential for use in breeding through functional genetic approaches in the near future.

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