Can Women Be Missionaries? Envisioning Female Agency in the Early Nineteenth-Century British Empire

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Female Agency ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century

Western Science in India before 1850

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 62-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. C. Larwood
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Science Education ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Western Science ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
European Science ◽  
Growth Of Science

The establishment and consolidation of the British Empire in India occurred at a time of expanding interest and achievement in science in Europe. In India there was certainly an appreciation of the importance of this European science, for the growth of science education there in the early nineteenth century compares not unfavourably with that in England. But what kind of scientific interests and activities were to be found in India up to about 1850, and who were the men who pursued them ?

Imperatives, Impossibilities, and Intimacies in the Imperial Archive: Chinese Men and Women of Colour in Early Nineteenth-Century Trinidad

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-205
Author(s):  
Catherine R. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Chinese Men ◽  
Chattel Slavery ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Chinese Migration ◽  
Extant Population

In this article, I elaborate on Lisa Lowe’s “intimacies as method” by examining the case of 198 Chinese men conscripted to Trinidad in 1806. I argue that tracing Chinese migration to the Caribbean in the early nineteenth century demonstrates that the British empire began to imagine new hierarchies of unfreedom for people of Asian and African descent before the abolition of chattel slavery. British imperial actors hoped that Chinese men would assume a mediating function between white planters and the extant population of colour in Trinidad. This vision was predicated on the assumption that the migrants would partner with women of colour to form heterosexual intimacies while also refraining from other forms of socio-political contact with Afro-Trinidadians. Lowe’s intimacies as method guides my navigation of the imperial archive and, in particular, compels me to think relationally about differentially colonized and racialized sub jects in early nineteenth-century Trinidad, both as they were positioned in the colony and as they refused these stereotypes, brokering their own transactions and collaborations.

The United States and the Transatlantic Slave Trade to the Americas, 1776-1867

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Marques
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Trading Networks ◽  
The U.S

This book explores U.S. participation in the transatlantic slave trade to the Americas from the American Revolution to the U.S. Civil War. It shows how U.S. citizens engaged in multiple forms of participation in the slave trade and how these forms changed over time. The book discusses the emergence of a U.S. branch of the transatlantic slave trade in the aftermath of independence and its quick dismantling in the early nineteenth century. It then looks at the forms of U.S. participation in a highly internationalized contraband slave trade that supplied captives to Brazil and Cuba in the mid-nineteenth century. The growth of these forms of U.S. participation resonated in the U.S. public sphere, contributing to growing tensions around the slavery issue in the 1850s, and in the international arena, stimulating frictions between the British Empire and the United States. This work explores these national and international tensions and the role of slave-trading networks in exploiting and prolonging them.

Adventurers, Foreign Women and Masculinity in the Colombian Wars of Independence

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
The Social ◽  
At Home

This paper examines changing conceptions of honour and masculinity during the Colombian Wars of Independence in the early 19th century. It explores the position of the foreign women who accompanied British and Irish expeditions to join the war against Spanish rule, and shows how colonial, imperial and republican conceptions of masculinity were affected by the role that women played in these volunteer expeditions and in the wars in general. The paper considers women's experiences during war and peace, and examines their experiences in the light of changing conceptions of masculinity at home, in the British empire and in Hispanic America in the early nineteenth century. The social mobility of the Wars of Independence shifted the ground on which these concepts rested for all groups involved. The participation of foreign women alongside male adventurers was a further ingredient in this disorientating period.

A Voice for Slaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Burnard
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Slave System ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Class Culture ◽  
Enslaved Women ◽  
Peculiar Nature

This article examines the office of the Fiscal in Berbice (later British Guiana) between 1819 and 1834—a period encompassing amelioration and emancipation. It looks in particular at the lives and concerns of enslaved women as revealed in an extraordinary set of slave testimonies collected as part of the Fiscal’s duties. It outlines the peculiar nature of the Office of the Fiscal and how it allowed enslaved women a voice to complain about aspects of their treatment under slavery in a particularly harsh slave regime. It connects this office also to a developing ideology of “protection” to be extended to non-whites in the British Empire in the second and third decades of the nineteenth century. Using the concept of “moral economy” as developed many years ago by E.P. Thompson to analyse early nineteenth-century British working class culture and as extended by Emilia Viotta Da Costa to Demerara and Berbice, it suggests that enslaved women had clear expectations of what could be rightfully expected of them and what were unjust demands within a slave system designed to keep enslaved women in their place.

Herman Merivale and the Native Question, 1837–1861

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McNab
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Material Condition ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Scientific Rationale

One of the most important consequences of the granting of colonial self-government in the British Empire in the early and mid-Victorian period was that it created complex problems for the Colonial Office concerning the future of native populations. In the nineteenth century this imperial dilemma was termed the “native question.” Natives were regarded as a lower class, like the Irish or the poor in Britain, and British liberals sought to better the material condition of these people by means of the panaceas of education and religion. Their object was humanitarian and their methods were usually paternalistic. Herman Merivale, in his role as a commentator on the native question, was both naive and at times Utopian in his attempts to find a solution. As an imperial administrator he was involved in the ineffectual attempts to implement the schemes of “amalgamation” (gradual union leading to assimilation) and “insulation” (reservations). British native policies failed largely because of resistance by native peoples and the weaknesses of imperial administration rather than British racial attitudes.For Merivale “race” was a cultural idea derived from early nineteenth century ethnography, not a pseudo-scientific rationale which determined that native peoples were physically and, therefore, intellectually and materially inferior. Until the 1860's, at least, his ideas on this subject were not very different from those of his British contemporaries and were derived from a wide variety of written sources rather than direct observation.

scholarly journals Providential Empire? The Established Church of England and the Nineteenth-Century British Empire in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 225-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Moral Reform ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
East And West ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Established Church

In the early nineteenth century, many in Britain believed that their conquests in India had a providential purpose, and that imperial Britain had been called by God to Christianize India through an alliance of Church and empire. In 1813, parliament not only opened India to missionary activity, but also provided India with an established Church, which was largely supported by Indian taxation and formed part of the established Church of England. Many hoped that this union of Church and empire would communicate to India the benefits of England's diocesan and parochial structures, with a settled pastorate, parish churches and schools, and a Christian gentry. As the century progressed, the established Church was steadily enlarged, with a growing number of bishoprics, churches, schools, colleges, missionaries and clergy. But it had only limited success in gaining converts, and many Indians viewed it as a form of colonization. From the 1870s, it was increasingly clear that imperial India would not become Christian. Some began reconceptualizing the providential purpose behind the Indian empire, suggesting that the purpose might be to promote dialogue and understanding between the religions of the East and West, or, through the selfless service of missionaries, to promote moral reform movements in Hinduism and Islam.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document