Male-Female Wage Differentials in Taiwan: A Human Capital Approach

Human capital, defined as any characteristic of a worker that contributes to that worker's productivity, is presented in this article as a unifying theme for academic advising in higher education. Five categories of human capital–formal education, adult education, on-the-job-training, health, and geographic mobility–and academic advising issues related to developing students' human capital in each category are presented. Students' vocational interests are identified with developing their human capital, and the principle of maximizing human capital is introduced as a basis for students' choices of academic curricula and particular courses and programs.

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Economic Analysis of Severe TBI Treatment in Uganda

Gestão e Sociedade ◽

10.21171/ges.v11i28.2162 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (28) ◽

pp. 1637-1650

Author(s):

Michael Haglund ◽

Lauren Simpsom ◽

Jonathan Chang ◽

Anthony Fuller

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Economic Benefit ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Human Capital Approach ◽

Mulago Hospital ◽

Middle Income ◽

Severe Tbi ◽

Data Surveillance ◽

Long Term Impact

Introduction: Although the majority of the global burden of disease occurs in low- and middle-income countries, there is a paucity of data surveillance and analysis on the incidence of, morbidity and mortality associated with, and economic costs attributable to traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods: A prognostic model was used to estimate outcomes of conservative and neurosurgical treatment for severe TBI based on data from a cohort of patients at the national referral hospital, Mulago Hospital, in Uganda during a 13-month study period. To evaluate the long-term impact of treatment for severe TBI, averted DALYs were calculated and converted to dollars using the human capital and the value of a statistical life (VSL) approaches. This cohort was then used as a representative sample for assessing the benefit of treating severe TBI for all of Uganda.Results: During the study period, 127 cases of severe TBI were treated averting 1,448 DALYs [0,0,0], 1,075 DALYs [3,1,0.04], or 974 DALYs [3,1,0.03]. Using the human capital approach, the economic benefit of intervention ranged from $1.3 million to $1.7 million. The VSL approach estimated an economic benefit of $282,902 to over $11 million. The health benefit of treating severe TBI for all Ugandans was estimated at between about 11,000 and 17,000 averted DALYs per year with an annual potential economic benefit of $15 to $20 million as determined with the human capital approach and $3.3 to $130 million with the VSL approach.Discussion: Treatment of severe TBI in Uganda has the potential to reduce a significant proportion of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden, which indicates the importance of treating severe TBI in developing countries.

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