Labor Supply Price, Market Wage, and the Social Opportunity Cost of Labor

1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Cox Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Wage ◽  
Supply Price

On Measuring the Social Opportunity Cost of Labour in the Presence of Tariffs and an Informal Sector (The Distinguishedl Lecture)

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (4I) ◽  
pp. 535-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Open Letter ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Action Project ◽  
Relevant Group ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
The Individual

Harberger introduced his influential 1971 essay with the following words. This paper is intended not as a scientific study, nor as a review of the literature, but rather as a tract - an open letter to the profession, as it were - pleading that three basic postulates be accepted as providing a conventional framework for applied welfare economics. The postulates are: (a) The competitive demand price for a given unit measures the value of that unit to the demander; (b) The competitive supply price for a given unit measures the value of that unit to the supplier; and (c) When evaluating the net benefits or costs of a given action (project, programme, or policy), the costs and benefits accruing to each member of the relevant group (e.g., a nation) should normally be added without regard to the individual(s) to whom they accrue.

scholarly journals The most appropriate discount rate

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Burgess ◽  
Richard O. Zerbe
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Time Preference ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Social Time ◽  
The Social ◽  
Benefits And Costs

The social opportunity cost of capital discount rate is the appropriate discount rate to use when evaluating government projects. It satisfies the fundamental rule that no project should be accepted that has a rate of return less than alternative available projects, and it ensures that worthy projects satisfy the potential Pareto test. The social time preference approach advocated by Moore et al. fails to satisfy either of these criteria even in the unlikely case that the private sector behaves myopically with respect to a project’s future benefits and costs.

scholarly journals Kelayakan Usaha Ternak Kambing Menurut Sistem Pemeliharaan, Bangsa, dan Elevasi di Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti
Keyword(s):  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Good Export ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
The Village

<p>The objective of this study was to analyze the feasibility business for goat based on keeping system, keept, the livestock breed and elevation. The study was carried out in four districts of Yogyakarta. Purposive random techniques were used. The samples were selected based on the village group system, breeds (Kacang, Bligon and Etawa Crossbreed Goat and elevation (low, medium and high). The socio-economic were the Break Even Point, B/C ratio, and Net Present Value (NPV) of the farmers. The results showed that Etawa Crossbreed Goat have a highest income to increase the productivity of goats. Moreover, the goat breeding business was profitable when there were minimally 2-3 doe on the assumption that the livestock breeding was intensively managed. In general, the B/C ratio value was bigger than 1 and the NPV was positive, indicated that the goat was feasible because it could provide the breeders with the profit that surpassed the social opportunity cost, which was the used capital production factor. It is recommended that Kacang goats may be developed due to the pure breed and good export opportunity.</p><p>Key words : feasibility study, the keeping system, livestock breed, elevation</p>

scholarly journals The repeal of the retirement earnings test and the labor supply of older men

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY V. ENGELHARDT ◽  
ANIL KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Time Preference ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Liquidity Constraints ◽  
Older Men ◽  
The Social ◽  
Earnings Test ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Study

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of the Senior Citizens Freedom to Work Act of 2000, which abolished the Social Security retirement earnings test for those aged 65–69, on the labor supply of older men using data from the 1996–2004 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). We use the fine structure of the 2000 Act to develop a new measure of exposure to the earnings test that varies across calendar years both by month and year of birth. We find that much, if not all, of the labor-supply response occurred for sub-groups of men who, either because of high mortality risk, high rates of pure time preference, or liquidity constraints, may have found the actuarial adjustment built into the earnings test relatively disadvantageous, particularly the lesser educated.

Low-Skilled Immigration and the Labor Supply of Highly Skilled Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Cortés ◽  
José Tessada
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Market Work ◽  
Household Work ◽  
Skilled Immigrants ◽  
Immigrant Concentration ◽  
Skilled Immigration ◽  
Cost Of Time

Low-skilled immigrants represent a significant fraction of employment in services that are close substitutes of household production. This paper studies whether the increased supply of low-skilled immigrants has led high-skilled women, who have the highest opportunity cost of time, to change their time-use decisions. Exploiting cross-city variation in immigrant concentration, we find that low-skilled immigration increases average hours of market work and the probability of working long hours of women at the top quartile of the wage distribution. Consistently, we find that women in this group decrease the time they spend in household work and increase expenditures on housekeeping services. (JEL J16, J22, J24, J61)

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