Quantitative Aspects of the Economic Growth of Nations: II. Industrial Distribution of National Product and Labor Force

1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 1-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Kuznets
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
National Product ◽  
Industrial Distribution

Implications of higher retirement age for the labor market

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivanova ◽  
A. Balaev ◽  
E. Gurvich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers the impact of the increase in retirement age on labor supply and economic growth. Combining own estimates of labor participation and demographic projections by the Rosstat, the authors predict marked fall in the labor force (by 5.6 million persons over 2016-2030). Labor demand is also going down but to a lesser degree. If vigorous measures are not implemented, the labor force shortage will reach 6% of the labor force by the period end, thus restraining economic growth. Even rapid and ambitious increase in the retirement age (by 1 year each year to 65 years for both men and women) can only partially mitigate the adverse consequences of demographic trends.

scholarly journals Female Labor Market Participation and Economic Growth: The Case of Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Khaliq ◽  
Dilawar Khan ◽  
Sultan Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Hamayun ◽  
Barkat Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Adf Test

Female labor force plays a significant role in the economic development of a country. The core objective of this paper is to examine the nexus between female labor force participation rate and Pakistan’s economic growth using time series data for the period 1990-2014. The data was extracted from World Development Indicators database. Augmented-Dickey Fuller (ADF) test was applied to examine the data for unit root. The results show that both the variables--- female labor force participation rate and economic growth---are stationary at first difference i.e. I(1). The error correction model (ECM) and Johansen co-integration tests were used to examine the co-integration relation between the variables. The econometric results conclude that there is long-run and a U-shaped link between economic growth and women labor force participation rate of Pakistan. The results conclude that lower female labor force participation rate leads to lower economic growth in Pakistan. This paper has important policy implications, suggests that policies intend to remove such barriers could help to enhance the Pakistan’s economic growth.

scholarly journals Effect of Unemployment Rate on Growth Rate of Gross Domestic Product of Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Abdalla Moh'd AL-Tamimi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Total Labor Force ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Yearly Data

This study explains the effect of unemployment rate on growth rate of GDP of Jordan by depending on yearly data for the period (2009 – 2016) as unemployment rate is independent variable, and growth rate of GDP (Avariable of economic growth) as a dependent variable. This study focuses on explaining the literature both in theoretical and empirical ways of the effect of unemployment rate on growth rate of GDP, and analyzing the effect of unemployment rate on growth rate of GDP of Jordan by depending on yearly data for the period (2009 – 2016) by using the technique of ordinary least squares in version of E-views. This paper found that there are insignificant impacts of unemployment percentage to total labor force, unemployment of males percentage to male labor force, unemployment of females percentage to female labor force on growth rate of GDP of Jordan by relying on yearly data for the period 2009 to 2016 at level of significance 5%. This paper recommends testing the impacts of other obstacles in Jordan on growth rate on GDP, in order to know the variables that effect growth rate of GDP in Jordan.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EMPLOYMENT AND THE EFFECTIVE DISTRIBUTION OF LABOUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Inha Ziankova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Productive Labor ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
High Level ◽  
Efficient Distribution ◽  
Effective Distribution

The article describes the socio-economic relations between individuals and institutions of the labor market on the subject of reaching an effective employment and development of productive labor that ensure efficient distribution of labor resources.The article attempts to scientifically substantiate and develop a theory, methodology of employment and methodological support, conceptual frameworks of the formation of effective employment for the development of productive labor that ensure an efficient distribution of labor resources and endogenous economic growth in the Republic of Belarus.In the study the following conceptual bases for the achievement of effective employment, productive labor, the efficient allocation of labor resources are proposed: it is proved that in the absence of technical changes, an increase in capital per employee does not bring about a steady increase in the growth rates of production per employee or per capita; it is noted that a high level of salaries can affect the growth of labor productivity stimulating the growth of capital relative to labor and also affect the growth of the unit cost of production and result in a decrease of jobs; it is noted that the reason for the efficiency distribution of the labor force is the size analysis of unit costs, profits and income; it is proved that the firms are not profitable to invest in workforce for the reason that the dominant investment is spent on consumption; the analysis of the structure of employment on the question of the optimal ratio of managers in relation to working hands is noted as one of the ways of achieving effective employmentThe purpose of the research is to study the theoretical and methodological foundations of labor force employment in economically viable jobs and the mechanism of its effective distribution for inclusive economic growth. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the conceptual foundations of the theory of employment have been studied and scientifically substantiated. The fundamental prerequisites for the formation of the theory of employment and methodological basis of modeling the process of achieving effective employment have been identified and systematized.

scholarly journals Secular Stagnation? The Effect of Aging on Economic Growth in the Age of Automation

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daron Acemoglu ◽  
Pascual Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Secular Stagnation

Several recent theories emphasize the negative effects of an aging population on economic growth, either because of the lower labor force participation and productivity of older workers or because aging will create an excess of savings over desired investment, leading to secular stagnation. We show that there is no such negative relationship in the data. If anything, countries experiencing more rapid aging have grown more in recent decades. We suggest that this counterintuitive finding might reflect the more rapid adoption of automation technologies in countries undergoing more pronounced demographic changes and provide evidence and theoretical underpinnings for this argument.

The China Factor

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-163
Author(s):  
Robert I. Rotberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Primary Products ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Twenty First Century

Solving Africa’s central concerns of the mid-twenty-first century—how to grow economically as its population surges and how to create more and more jobs for its burgeoning labor force—relies on China. Likewise, enabling Africa to improve its human security and human welfare in most of its component nations depends on China. Third, strengthening Africa’s infrastructural architecture depends mostly on China. Without steady domestic Chinese economic growth and the behemoth’s consequent continued need for primary resources derived from Africa, however, prospects for many of the latter continent’s nation-states are, at best, problematic. Chinese demand drives African prosperity, raises world prices for primary products, and has made it possible for a number of the polities of Africa to accumulate wealth, to uplift their peoples, and to begin to play larger roles on the world’s stage. In this decade, and later, Africa and China are bound together synergistically in ways that cannot readily be replaced by trade, aid, or attention from the United States, India, Russia, Brazil, or Europe.

scholarly journals Labor Force Characteristics of a Rural County's Commuters

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Roger J. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Force Characteristics

Research which is designed to evaluate the strength and mix of factors which tend to initiate and sustain economic growth must provide methods of measuring these factors. If one of these factors is taken to be the availability of labor as the Committee on Economic Development in the Northeast (1977) suggests, then methods of measuring the availability of labor need to be developed. Articles by Bonnen (1972) and Gardner (1975) have provided researchers with an incentive to do a better job of operationalizing and measuring the concept of labor availability.

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