Out-of-School Factors and Educational Achievement in Indonesia

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Educational Achievement ◽  
School Factors ◽  
Out Of School

ADHD Symptomatology and Criminal Behavior During Adolescence: Exploring the Mediating Role of School Factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Academic Failure ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
School Factors ◽  
School Attachment ◽  
School Suspension ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Adhd Symptomatology ◽  
Out Of School

Prior research has shown that attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) relates to various negative outcomes in adolescence, including academic failure, behavioral problems at school, and criminal behavior. However, this line of research has generally failed to explore whether ADHD connects to criminal behavior through its effects on school factors. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), this study finds that a retrospective account of ADHD symptomatology during childhood and early adolescence predicts weakened school attachment, lower grades, and higher risks for both out-of-school suspension and crime. School attachment, grades, and out-of-school suspension have the expected effects on crime among females and males. Among females, these school factors mediate the effects of ADHD symptomatology on crime. The effect of ADHD symptomatology on crime among males remains significant when controlling for school factors. Implications of the findings for policy and theory are discussed.

Comment on Witherspoon, Long, and Nickell's Study of Speaking Anxiety, Self-Esteem, Crime, and Educational Achievement

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 961-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron Boor ◽  
Jeffrey H. Bair
Keyword(s):  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Speaking Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Out Of School

Witherspoon, Long, and Nickell (1991) did not convincingly demonstrate that anxiety about speaking was related to dropping out of school or to the types of crimes that inmates commit. These authors did not control for variables related to these behaviors, and they did not compare the anxiety levels of the most appropriate groups of persons.

scholarly journals Out of School Factors Affecting Indigenous Girls’ Educational Attainment: A Theory of Change for the Opening Opportunities Program in Rural Guatemala

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Richardson ◽  
Mary Phillips ◽  
Alejandra Colom ◽  
Ielaf Khalil ◽  
Jennica Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Realist Evaluation ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
School Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Social Interventions ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Economic Assets ◽  
Out Of School

Guatemalans have the lowest education rates in Latin America, and within Guatemala, Indigenous, rural and poor girls have much lower education rates than their peers. The ‘Opening Opportunities’ program attempts to invest in the poorest girls from rural Guatemala to build their personal, social, health and economic assets. Realist evaluation attempts to understand the key mechanisms in complex social interventions, and is under-used in education research. Based on data from life history interviews from graduates, this paper presents a Theory of Change to understand the contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of the ‘Opening Opportunities’ Program relating to educational attainment. The four mechanisms most discussed by program graduates are: leadership and participation create confidence; greater networks (models, mentors, peers); opportunities created to participate in novel paid work; and desire for later marriage and childbearing. This is the first Theory of Change that explains out of school factors affecting educational attainment.

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