scholarly journals Low‐Level Viremia and Proviral DNA Impede Immune Reconstitution in HIV‐1–Infected Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2005 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisse R. Ostrowski ◽  
Terese L. Katzenstein ◽  
Per T. Thim ◽  
Bente K. Pedersen ◽  
Jan Gerstoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Proviral Dna ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv 1

Immune reconstitution under antiretroviral therapy: the new challenge in HIV-1 infection

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (21) ◽  
pp. 5582-5590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Corbeau ◽  
Jacques Reynes
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Immune Restoration ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Etiologic Diagnosis

AbstractAlthough highly active antiretroviral therapy has enabled constant progress in reducing HIV-1 replication, in some patients who are “aviremic” during treatment, the problem of insufficient immune restoration remains, and this exposes them to the risk of immune deficiency–associated pathologies. Various mechanisms may combine and account for this impaired immunologic response to treatment. A first possible mechanism is immune activation, which may be because of residual HIV production, microbial translocation, co-infections, immunosenescence, or lymphopenia per se. A second mechanism is ongoing HIV replication. Finally, deficient thymus output, sex, and genetic polymorphism influencing apoptosis may impair immune reconstitution. In this review we will discuss the tools at our disposal to identify the various mechanisms at work in a given patient and the specific therapeutic strategies we could propose based on this etiologic diagnosis.

scholarly journals Genotypic Resistance in HIV‐1–Infected Patients with Persistently Detectable Low‐Level Viremia while Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1030-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Nettles ◽  
Tara L. Kieffer ◽  
Rachel P. Simmons ◽  
Joseph Cofrancesco, Jr. ◽  
Richard D. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv 1

Effects of interleukin-2 plus highly active antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1 replication and proviral DNA (COSMIC trial)

AIDS ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1479-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Jürgen Stellbrink ◽  
Jan van Lunzen ◽  
Michael Westby ◽  
Eithne O'Sullivan ◽  
Claus Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Proviral Dna ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv 1
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