Should Models of Disease Dynamics in Herbivorous Insects Include the Effects of Variability in Host‐Plant Foliage Quality?

2005 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Dwyer ◽  
Jeffrey Firestone ◽  
T. Emiko Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Plant Foliage ◽  
Models Of Disease ◽  
Foliage Quality

scholarly journals Root-associated entomopathogenic fungi manipulate host plants to attract herbivorous insects

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Cotes ◽  
Gunda Thöming ◽  
Carol V. Amaya-Gómez ◽  
Ondřej Novák ◽  
Christian Nansen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Herbivorous Insect ◽  
Insect Performance ◽  
Leaf Reflectance

AbstractRoot-associated entomopathogenic fungi (R-AEF) indirectly influence herbivorous insect performance. However, host plant-R-AEF interactions and R-AEF as biological control agents have been studied independently and without much attention to the potential synergy between these functional traits. In this study, we evaluated behavioral responses of cabbage root flies [Delia radicum L. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)] to a host plant (white cabbage cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba cv. Castello L.) with and without the R-AEF Metarhizium brunneum (Petch). We performed experiments on leaf reflectance, phytohormonal composition and host plant location behavior (behavioral processes that contribute to locating and selecting an adequate host plant in the environment). Compared to control host plants, R-AEF inoculation caused, on one hand, a decrease in reflectance of host plant leaves in the near-infrared portion of the radiometric spectrum and, on the other, an increase in the production of jasmonic, (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine and salicylic acid in certain parts of the host plant. Under both greenhouse and field settings, landing and oviposition by cabbage root fly females were positively affected by R-AEF inoculation of host plants. The fungal-induced change in leaf reflectance may have altered visual cues used by the cabbage root flies in their host plant selection. This is the first study providing evidence for the hypothesis that R-AEF manipulate the suitability of their host plant to attract herbivorous insects.

scholarly journals Drop when the stakes are high: adaptive, flexible use of dropping behaviour by aphids

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Rosalind K. Humphreys ◽  
Graeme D. Ruxton ◽  
Alison J. Karley
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Adalia Bipunctata ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Potato Aphids ◽  
Antipredator Defence

Abstract For herbivorous insects, dropping from the host plant is a commonly-observed antipredator defence. The use of dropping compared to other behaviours and its timing in relation to contact with a predator was explored in both pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and potato aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae). Pea aphids dropped more frequently in response to ladybird adults (Adalia bipunctata) than lacewing larvae (Chrysoperla carnea). Potato aphids mainly walked away or backed-up in response to both predator types; but they dropped more frequently relative to other non-walking defences when faced with ladybird adults. Contact with a predator was an important influencer of dropping for both species, and most drops occurred from adjacent to the predator. Dropping appears to be a defence adaptively deployed only when the risk of imminent predation is high; factors that increase dropping likelihood include presence of faster-foraging predators such as adult ladybirds, predator proximity, and contact between aphid and predator.

RECURRENT AFFECTIVE DISORDERS: NONLINEAR AND STOCHASTIC MODELS OF DISEASE DYNAMICS

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 635-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN T. HUBER ◽  
HANS A. BRAUN ◽  
JÜRGEN-C. KRIEG
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamics And Chaos ◽  
Temporal Course ◽  
Cooperative Dynamics ◽  
Models Of Disease

Affective disorders tend to be recurrent and progressive and illness patterns typically evolve from isolated episodes at the beginning to more rapid, rhythmic and finally irregular "chaotic" mood patterns. Chararacteristic timecourse and disease patterns have prompted the consideration of nonlinear dynamics and chaos. In this paper we review some of our recent work where we addressed the relevance of nonlinear, stochastic and resulting cooperative dynamics for disease patterns and temporal course of affective disorders by use of a computational approach.

Transcriptome Responses in Herbivorous Insects Towards Host Plant and Toxin Feeding

2014 ◽  
pp. 197-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Vogel ◽  
Richard O. Musser ◽  
Maria de la Paz Celorio-Mancera
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Herbivorous Insects

Transcriptome Responses in Herbivorous Insects Towards Host Plant and Toxin Feeding

2018 ◽  
pp. 197-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Vogel ◽  
Richard O Musser ◽  
Maria de la Paz Celorio-Mancera
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Herbivorous Insects

scholarly journals Bitki Sekonder Maddelerinin Herbivor Böceklere Etkileri

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Oğuzhan Yanar ◽  
Elif Fatma Topkara
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Defense ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Interspecies Competition ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
And Behavior

Plants have developed mechanical and chemical defense strategies that are effective against herbivores. Plants contain chemicals that are known as secondary metabolites (allelochemical) and these chemicals do not directly involve in organisms’ reproduction and growth, on the other hand, they affect survival, growth and behavior of species. These compounds usually take ecological tasks and plants use these compounds against diseases, parasites, and predators for interspecies competition. It is known through the observations on feeding of herbivorous insects that these compounds act as deterrent chemicals or they are toxic against them. Feeding is one of the most fundamental and the most important behaviors for herbivorous insects. Even though host plant preference of herbivores is partially depend on nutrients, this behavior greatly depends on secondary chemistry of plants. Effects of secondary compounds on herbivorous insects can be positive or negative.

scholarly journals Parallel meta-transcriptome analysis reveals degradation of plant secondary metabolites by beetles and their gut symbionts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wei ◽  
Xing-Ke Yang ◽  
Kari Segraves ◽  
Huai-Jun Xue
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Gut Symbionts

Switching to a new host plant is a driving force for divergence and speciation in herbivorous insects. This process of incorporating a novel host plant into the diet may require a number of adaptations in the insect herbivores that allow them to consume host plant tissue that may contain toxic secondary chemicals. As a result, herbivorous insects are predicted to have evolved efficient ways to detoxify major plant defenses and increase fitness by either relying on their own genomes or by recruiting other organisms such as microbial gut symbionts. In the present study we used parallel meta-transcriptomic analyses of Altica flea beetles and their gut symbionts to explore the contributions of beetle detoxification mechanisms versus detoxification by their gut consortium. We compared the gut meta-transcriptomes of two sympatric Altica species that feed exclusively on different host plant species as well as their F1 hybrids that were fed one of the two host plant species. These comparisons revealed that gene expression patterns of Altica are dependent on both beetle species identity and diet. The community structure of gut symbionts was also dependent on the identity of the beetle species, and the gene expression patterns of the gut symbionts were significantly correlated with beetle species and plant diet. Some of the enriched genes identified in the beetles and gut symbionts are involved in the degradation of secondary metabolites produced by plants, suggesting that Altica flea beetles may use their gut microbiota to help them feed on and adapt to their host plants.

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