scholarly journals Community-Based Surveillance in the United States of Macrolide-Resistant Pediatric Pharyngeal Group A Streptococci during 3 Respiratory Disease Seasons

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1794-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Tanz ◽  
S. T. Shulman ◽  
V. D. Shortridge ◽  
W. Kabat ◽  
K. Kabat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Group A

scholarly journals Reemergence of Macrolide Resistance in Pharyngeal Isolates of Group A Streptococci in Southwestern Pennsylvania

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Green ◽  
Judith M. Martin ◽  
Karen A. Barbadora ◽  
Bernard Beall ◽  
Ellen R. Wald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Group A ◽  
Southwestern Pennsylvania

ABSTRACT We previously reported on the emergence of macrolide-resistant pharyngeal isolates of group A streptococci (GAS) in our community. The purpose of the present study was to track longitudinal trends in macrolide resistance in these isolates in southwestern Pennsylvania. Testing for susceptibility to erythromycin and clindamycin was performed for all pharyngeal GAS isolates recovered at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and a local pediatric practice between September 2001 and May 2002. Macrolide resistance phenotypes and genotypes were determined by double-disk diffusion and PCR, respectively. Strain relatedness was determined by field inversion gel electrophoresis and emm gene sequence typing. A total of 708 isolates of GAS were recovered during the study period; 68 (9.6%) were macrolide resistant, while all isolates were sensitive to clindamycin. The monthly prevalence of macrolide resistance ranged from 0 to 41%. Only 21 of 573 (3.7%) strains recovered from September 2001 through March 2002 were macrolide resistant. A sudden increase in the rate of macrolide resistance (47 of 135 isolates [35%]) was seen in April and May 2002. Sixty-two isolates demonstrated the M phenotype (resistance to macrolide antibiotics), and six isolates demonstrated the MLSB phenotype (resistance to most macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B antibiotics); these isolates were confirmed to be mef(A) and erm(A), respectively. Three unique mef(A) clones and four unique erm(A) clones were identified among the resistant isolates. The MIC at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC50) for the mef(A) strains was 16 μg/ml, while the MIC50 for erm(A) strains was 8 μg/ml. The finding of high levels of macrolide resistance among pharyngeal isolates of GAS for a second successive year in our community raises the concern that this problem may be more common in the United States than was previously appreciated. Longitudinal surveillance of isolates from multiple centers is needed to define the prevalence of antimicrobial agent-resistant GAS in the United States.

Isolation of Group A Streptococci with Reduced In Vitro β-Lactam Susceptibility Harboring Amino Acid Substitutions in Penicillin-Binding Proteins in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsubasa Ikeda ◽  
Rihito Suzuki ◽  
Wanchun Jin ◽  
Jun-ichi Wachino ◽  
Yoshichika Arakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Group A

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus , GAS) has long been regarded as being susceptible to β-lactams. However, amino acid substitutions in penicillin-binding protein (PBP)2X conferring reduced in vitro β-lactam susceptibility have been indicated since 2019 in the United States and Iceland. Here, we report the first isolation of Streptococcus pyogenes possessing the PBP2X substitution conferring reduced in vitro β-lactam susceptibility in Asia; however, the MICs were below the “susceptible” breakpoint of the CLSI.

scholarly journals Population and Whole Genome Sequence Based Characterization of Invasive Group A Streptococci Recovered in the United States during 2015

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sopio Chochua ◽  
Ben J. Metcalf ◽  
Zhongya Li ◽  
Joy Rivers ◽  
Saundra Mathis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Phylogenetic Clustering ◽  
Streptolysin O ◽  
Group A

ABSTRACTGroup A streptococci (GAS) are genetically diverse. Determination of strain features can reveal associations with disease and resistance and assist in vaccine formulation. We employed whole-genome sequence (WGS)-based characterization of 1,454 invasive GAS isolates recovered in 2015 by Active Bacterial Core Surveillance and performed conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Predictions were made for genotype, GAS carbohydrate, antimicrobial resistance, surface proteins (M family, fibronectin binding, T, R28), secreted virulence proteins (Sda1, Sic, exotoxins), hyaluronate capsule, and an upregulatedngaoperon (encodes NADase and streptolysin O) promoter (Pnga3). Sixty-four M protein gene (emm) types were identified among 69 clonal complexes (CCs), including one CC ofStreptococcus dysgalactiaesubsp.equisimilis.emmtypes predicted the presence or absence of activesofdeterminants and were segregated intosof-positive orsof-negative genetic complexes. Only one “emmtype switch” between strains was apparent.sof-negative strains showed a propensity to cause infections in the first quarter of the year, whilesof+strain infections were more likely in summer. Of 1,454 isolates, 808 (55.6%) were Pnga3 positive and 637 (78.9%) were accounted for by typesemm1,emm89, andemm12. Theoretical coverage of a 30-valent M vaccine combined with an M-related protein (Mrp) vaccine encompassed 98% of the isolates. WGS data predicted that 15.3, 13.8, 12.7, and 0.6% of the isolates were nonsusceptible to tetracycline, erythromycin plus clindamycin, erythromycin, and fluoroquinolones, respectively, with only 19 discordant phenotypic results. Close phylogenetic clustering ofemm59isolates was consistent with recent regional emergence. This study revealed strain traits informative for GAS disease incidence tracking, outbreak detection, vaccine strategy, and antimicrobial therapy.IMPORTANCEThe current population-based WGS data from GAS strains causing invasive disease in the United States provide insights important for prevention and control strategies. Strain distribution data support recently proposed multivalent M type-specific and conserved M-like protein vaccine formulations that could potentially protect against nearly all invasive U.S. strains. The three most prevalent clonal complexes share key polymorphisms in thengaoperon encoding two secreted virulence factors (NADase and streptolysin O) that have been previously associated with high strain virulence and transmissibility. We find thatStreptococcus pyogenesis phylogenetically subdivided into loosely defined multilocus sequence type-based clusters consisting of solelysof-negative orsof-positive strains; withsof-negative strains demonstrating differential seasonal preference for infection, consistent with the recently demonstrated differential seasonal preference based on phylogenetic clustering of full-length M proteins. This might relate to the differences in GAS strain compositions found in different geographic settings and could further inform prevention strategies.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Telithromycin against Macrolide-Susceptible and Macrolide-Resistant Pharyngeal Isolates of Group A Streptococci in the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 2487-2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Green ◽  
Coburn Allen ◽  
John Bradley ◽  
Barry Dashefsky ◽  
Janet R. Gilsdorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Group A ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility Testing

ABSTRACT In vitro susceptibility testing of 2,797 group A streptococcus (GAS) isolates demonstrated that telithromycin was fully active against all macrolide-susceptible strains and among 80 of 115 macrolide-resistant GAS expressing the M phenotype. Telithromycin resistance was identified in 2 of 45 strains expressing the inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B phenotype and four of nine isolates expressing the constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotype.

scholarly journals Plasmid-Borne erm(T) from Invasive, Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pyogenes Strains

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1140-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Woodbury ◽  
Kathryn A. Klammer ◽  
Yang Xiong ◽  
Timothy Bailiff ◽  
Anita Glennen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmid ◽  
Group A ◽  
Methylase Gene

ABSTRACT Twenty-three isolates of group A streptococci (GAS) recovered from population-based invasive GAS surveillance in the United States were erythromycin resistant, inducibly clindamycin resistant, and lacked known macrolide resistance determinants. These 23 isolates, representing four different clones, contained a broad-host-range plasmid carrying the erm(T) methylase gene, which has not been detected in GAS previously.

Beyond home and school: community-based media and youth voice on pandemic life in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Rafi Santo ◽  
David Phelps ◽  
Colin Angevine ◽  
Alexandra Lotero ◽  
Lucy Herz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
School Community ◽  
The United States ◽  
Youth Voice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Home And School

scholarly journals Multi-locus sequence typing of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus strains isolated from cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
Ann P. Britton ◽  
Shlomo E. Blum ◽  
Carolyn Legge ◽  
Ken Sojonky ◽  
Erin N. Zabek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multi Locus Sequence Typing ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Streptococcus Equi

Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus ( S. zooepidemicus) causes outbreaks of fatal respiratory disease in dog shelters and fatal respiratory and neurologic disease in cat shelters. We conducted multi-locus sequence typing analysis on S. zooepidemicus isolates from 5 Canadian and 3 Israeli cats with severe respiratory and neurologic disease, plus 1 isolate from a clinically normal shelter cat. Our aim was to determine if feline outbreaks are clonal and whether there is commonality between feline and canine strains. ST363 was identified as the causative strain of a Canadian outbreak of S. zooepidemicus–linked disease, and is a double-locus variant of ST173, which was isolated from one of the Israeli cats. ST363 was also isolated from the clinically normal cat, indicative of the potential for enzootic infection in shelters. Strains within the ST173 clonal complex were responsible for 2 large canine outbreaks in the United States and the United Kingdom, as well as the death of 1 cat in the United States outbreak. ST215 was isolated from 2 cats in the Israeli outbreak, and is unrelated to the ST173 complex. We conclude that S. zooepidemicus outbreaks in cat shelters are clonal and that strains within the ST173 clonal complex are pathogenic for both dogs and cats.

Analysis of GLBTQ Youth Community-Based Programs in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1289-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Allen ◽  
Phillip L. Hammack ◽  
Heather L. Himes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Programs ◽  
Youth Community ◽  
Glbtq Youth
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