Coral Reefs of the World. Volume 2: Indian Ocean, Red Sea and Gulf.Susan M. Wells

1990 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-100
Author(s):  
Phillip Dustan
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
World Volume ◽  
The World

Passage Through the Strait of Bab Al-Mandeb

1978 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-193
Author(s):  
Ruth Lapidoth
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Gulf Of Aden ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
The West ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Yemen Arab Republic

The strait of Bab al-Mandeb, “the gate of tears” or “the gate of the wailing yard”, joins the high seas of the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean to those of the Red Sea. The name is primarily used by geographers to designate the narrowest part of the passage, between Ras Bab al-Mandeb on the Asian shore and Ras Siyan in Africa. At this point it is bordered on the east by the Yemen Arab Republic (Northern Yemen) and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (Southern Yemen), and in the west by the Republic of Djibouti (formerly the French Territory of the Afars and Issas). About 14 miles farther north, where the Red Sea (or, for that matter, the strait) is nearly 20 miles wide, lies the coast of Ethiopia (the province of Eritrea). All the riparians claim a territorial sea of 12 miles, and the Yemen Arab Republic, as well as the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, also claim jurisdiction for certain purposes in an additional zone of 6 miles.On the eastern shore of the strait of Bab al-Mandeb lies the peninsula of Ras Bab al-Mandeb, which is about 6–10 km. wide. It consists of rocky, volcanic plains with several hills of 200–300 m. The coast of Ras Bab al-Mandeb is surrounded by coral reefs of a width of up to 1500 m. The border between North Yemen and South Yemen passes down the middle of Ras Bab al-Mandeb.

scholarly journals The Incidence of Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogs in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidro José Tamele ◽  
Marisa Silva ◽  
Vitor Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Ocean Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Puffer Fish ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent marine neurotoxin with bacterial origin. To date, around 28 analogs of TTX are known, but only 12 were detected in marine organisms, namely TTX, 11-oxoTTX, 11-deoxyTTX, 11-norTTX-6(R)-ol, 11-norTTX-6(S)-ol, 4-epiTTX, 4,9-anhydroTTX, 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, 4-CysTTX, 5-deoxyTTX, 5,11-dideoxyTTX, and 6,11-dideoxyTTX. TTX and its derivatives are involved in many cases of seafood poisoning in many parts of the world due to their occurrence in different marine species of human consumption such as fish, gastropods, and bivalves. Currently, this neurotoxin group is not monitored in many parts of the world including in the Indian Ocean area, even with reported outbreaks of seafood poisoning involving puffer fish, which is one of the principal TTX vectors know since Egyptian times. Thus, the main objective of this review was to assess the incidence of TTXs in seafood and associated seafood poisonings in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Most reported data in this geographical area are associated with seafood poisoning caused by different species of puffer fish through the recognition of TTX poisoning symptoms and not by TTX detection techniques. This scenario shows the need of data regarding TTX prevalence, geographical distribution, and its vectors in this area to better assess human health risk and build effective monitoring programs to protect the health of consumers in Indian Ocean area.

scholarly journals Physical connectivity simulations reveal dynamic linkages between coral reefs in the southern Red Sea and the Indian Ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixin Wang ◽  
Dionysios E. Raitsos ◽  
George Krokos ◽  
John A. Gittings ◽  
Peng Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Abstract The southern Red Sea is genetically distinct from the rest of the basin; yet the reasons responsible for this genetic separation remain unclear. Connectivity is a vital process for the exchange of individuals and genes among geographically separated populations, and is necessary for maintaining biodiversity and resilience in coral reef ecosystems. Here, using long-term, high-resolution, 3-D backward particle tracking simulations, we investigate the physical connectivity of coral reefs in the southern Red Sea with neighbouring regions. Overall, the simulation results reveal that the southern Red Sea coral reefs are more physically connected with regions in the Indian Ocean (e.g., the Gulf of Aden) than with the northern part of the basin. The identified connectivity exhibits a distinct monsoon-related seasonality. Though beyond the country boundaries, relatively remote regions of the Indian Ocean may have a substantial impact on the southern Red Sea coral reef regions, and this should be taken into consideration when establishing conservation strategies for these vulnerable biodiversity hot-spots.

Unexpected abundance: Millepora corals in Late Pleistocene reefs of Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Ivkić ◽  
Andreas Kroh ◽  
Abbas Mansour ◽  
Martin Zuschin
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Preservation Potential ◽  
Fossil Reef

<p>Coral reefs throughout the world are well known for the dominance of scleractinian corals. However, one group of hydrozoan corals can be very common in modern tropical coral reefs as well: <em>Millepora</em>, the fire coral. The modern Red Sea is particularly well known for its high abundances of <em>Millepora</em>, where the fire coral is dominant on current-exposed reefs. Yet, this hydrozoan has been described as rare in the fossil record throughout the world and the documented abundances in fossil reefs do not match the numbers from modern reefs. The main interpretation to explain this phenomenon so far has been a lower preservation potential of milleporids compared to scleractinians due to differences in skeletal structure.</p><p>During an investigation of six Eemian Egyptian reef sites (29 line intercept transects, typically of 20 m length) we found <em>Millepora</em> in 69% of the fossil reef transects. The abundances were comparable to the adjacent modern reefs (65.13% to 0.26%). Preservation of fossil <em>Millepora</em> was good to excellent and in some cases well-preserved pore characters allowed for identification to species level. Our findings seem to be in stark contrast to results and interpretations of earlier studies, which suggest that <em>Millepora</em> is very rare in the fossil record globally. To understand the reason for this mismatch, we compared the associated scleractinian fauna between fossil reefs with and without <em>Millepora</em> presence. Furthermore, as a differentiation between shallower habitats close to the reef edge and deeper habitats along the reef slope was possible, we were able to investigate habitat preferences. <em>Porites</em> abundances were higher in fossil reefs without <em>Millepora</em>. Based on a comparison with modern communities, this suggests that the exposure to water energy might be a decisive factor for <em>Millepora</em> presence in the fossil reef. Therefore, preservation and consecutive investigation of appropriate fire coral-habitats is a pre-requisite for valid comparisons.</p><p>Another factor for the mismatch between our results and earlier studies might be a difference in diagenetic conditions that allow preservation of hydrozoan skeletons in the fossil record. Preservation of the investigated Egyptian sites is favored by their young geological age and their geographic location in a desert climate, reducing dissolution by aggressive meteoric waters. Furthermore, the extremely high abundance of <em>Millepora</em> in modern Red Sea coral reefs may in part mitigate the lower preservation potential of the hydrozoan skeleton in comparison with that of scleractinian corals.</p>

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