Self-Defense Mechanisms: Role of Macrophages. A Naito Foundation Symposium. Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the Keidanren International Conference Hall in Tokyo, November 2-4, 1981. D. Mizuno , Z. A. Cohn , K. Takeya , N. Ishida

1983 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-604
Author(s):  
Gregory W. Warr
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Self Defense

Role of defense/stress-related marker genes, proteins and secondary metabolites in defining rice self-defense mechanisms

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 261-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam-Soo Jwa ◽  
Ganesh Kumar Agrawal ◽  
Shigeru Tamogami ◽  
Masami Yonekura ◽  
Oksoo Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Self Defense

scholarly journals ROS Defense Systems and Terminal Oxidases in Bacteria

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Vitaliy B. Borisov ◽  
Sergey A. Siletsky ◽  
Martina R. Nastasi ◽  
Elena Forte
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Superoxide Dismutases ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Terminal Oxidases ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Respiratory Chains ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) comprise the superoxide anion (O2·−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (·OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2). ROS can damage a variety of macromolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, and compromise cell viability. To prevent or reduce ROS-induced oxidative stress, bacteria utilize different ROS defense mechanisms, of which ROS scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutases, catalases, and peroxidases, are the best characterized. Recently, evidence has been accumulating that some of the terminal oxidases in bacterial respiratory chains may also play a protective role against ROS. The present review covers this role of terminal oxidases in light of recent findings.

scholarly journals Spermine: Its Emerging Role in Regulating Drought Stress Responses in Plants

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽  
Md. Nazmul Hossain ◽  
Zunaira Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants’ ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm’s role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Role of Selenium and Selenoproteins in Male Reproductive Function: A Review of Past and Present Evidences

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izhar Hyder Qazi ◽  
Christiana Angel ◽  
Haoxuan Yang ◽  
Evangelos Zoidis ◽  
Bo Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
The Subject

Selenium (Se) is an important trace mineral having many essential roles at the cellular and organismal levels in animal and human health. The biological effects of Se are mainly carried out by selenoproteins (encoded by 25 genes in humans and 24 in mice). As an essential component of selenoproteins, Se performs structural and enzymic roles; in the latter context it is well known for its catalytic and antioxidative functions. Studies involving different animal models have added great value to our understanding regarding the potential implications of Se and selenoproteins in mammalian fertility and reproduction. In this review, we highlight the implications of selenoproteins in male fertility and reproduction followed by the characteristic biological functions of Se and selenoproteins associated with overall male reproductive function. It is evident from observations of past studies (both animal and human) that Se is essentially required for spermatogenesis and male fertility, presumably because of its vital role in modulation of antioxidant defense mechanisms and other essential biological pathways and redox sensitive transcription factors. However, bearing in mind the evidences from mainstream literature, it is also advisable to perform more studies focusing on the elucidation of additional roles played by the peculiar and canonical selenoproteins i.e., glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) in the male reproductive functions. Nevertheless, search for the elucidation of additional putative mechanisms potentially modulated by other biologically relevant selenoproteins should also be included in the scope of future studies. However, as for the implication of Se in fertility and reproduction in men, though a few clinical trials explore the effects of Se supplementation on male fertility, due to inconsistencies in the recruitment of subjects and heterogeneity of designs, the comparison of such studies is still complicated and less clear. Therefore, further research focused on the roles of Se and selenoproteins is awaited for validating the evidences at hand and outlining any therapeutic schemes intended for improving male fertility. As such, new dimensions could be added to the subject of male fertility and Se supplementation.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Marc Belissa ◽  
Gary Berton
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
American English ◽  
Atlantic History ◽  
Thomas Paine ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Second International

The volume contains six contributions (and an introduction) that have been presented in the Thomas Paine Second International Conference held in Paris Ouest Nanterre in 2014. All scholars involved in the field of research of Atlantic history agree on the fact that the partitioning between ‘national’ historiographies (American, English and French) is detrimental in the understanding of the role of specific transatlantic actors, of which Thomas Paine is one the most spectacular example for the era of the revolutions (1760–1830). This conference gathered American, British and French historians to develop this fruitful approach. The papers presented here participate in the historiographic opening up of studies on Thomas Paine and propose studies, reflexion and specific comments on how Thomas Paine converges within the general framework of Atlantic history and Republicanism history.

The Role of the Group in Acquiring Self-Defense Skills

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari L. Fraser ◽  
Glenda M. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Self Defense
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