Classification of the Animal Kingdom. Richard E. Blackwelder

1964 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-205
Author(s):  
Allen McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Animal Kingdom

scholarly journals Review of Metaheuristics Inspired from the Animal Kingdom

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 2335
Author(s):  
Elena Niculina Dragoi ◽  
Vlad Dafinescu
Keyword(s):  
Metaheuristic Algorithms ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Biological Classification ◽  
Living Things

The search for powerful optimizers has led to the development of a multitude of metaheuristic algorithms inspired from all areas. This work focuses on the animal kingdom as a source of inspiration and performs an extensive, yet not exhaustive, review of the animal inspired metaheuristics proposed in the 2006–2021 period. The review is organized considering the biological classification of living things, with a breakdown of the simulated behavior mechanisms. The centralized data indicated that 61.6% of the animal-based algorithms are inspired from vertebrates and 38.4% from invertebrates. In addition, an analysis of the mechanisms used to ensure diversity was performed. The results obtained showed that the most frequently used mechanisms belong to the niching category.

scholarly journals Identification and Classification of Animal Kingdom using Image Processing and Artificial Neural Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4645-4650
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Back Propagation Algorithm ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

The biological kingdom ‘Animalia’ is composed of multi cellular eukaryotic organisms. Most of the animal species exhibit bilateral symmetry. The hierarchy of biological classification has eight taxonomy ranks. The top position in the hierarchy is occupied by the ‘domain’ and ending with the lowest position occupied by ‘species’. The classification of animal kingdom includes, Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata and Chordata. Manual identification of Phylum or class for each and every species, is very tedious, because there exists nearly a millions of species categorized under various classes. Hence an automated system is proposed to be developed using image segmentation and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) trained with Back Propagation Algorithm (BPA) which is capable of assisting the scientists and researchers for class identification. This system will be useful in Museums and Archeological departments, where a huge variety of species are maintained. The classification efficiency of the proposed system is 89.1%.

scholarly journals On Ceratopora, the type of a new family of Alcyonaria

1911 ◽  
Vol 84 (570) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Erroneous Conclusion ◽  
New Family ◽  
Tabulate Corals

In the introduction to the British Museum Catalogue of the Jurassic Bryozoa (1896), Gregory remarks that, “to the palæontologist, who cannot check his conclusions by the evidence of vascular anatomy or embryology, these tube-dwelling animal are a vexation and a puzzle.” This passage has reference to the difficulties that the palæontologist meets in determining the proper systematic position of many fossils that are known to us only by the tubular skeleton that they have left deposited in the rocks. Simple or colonial tubular skeletons, or more correctly shells, may be formed for the protection of recent sedentary animals belonging to the Protozoa, Cœlenterata, Annelida, Polyzoa, and Mollusca, and in many cases the only trustworthy guide to their systematic position is to be found in the study of the soft structures that formed the shell, the shell itself affording no distinctive characters. In some cases the presence of septa, and in others of tabulæ, may indicate affinities; even these characters may be misleading and give rise to erroneous conclusions. The presence of septa-now called pseudosepta-in Helipora led to the erroneous conclusion that Heliopora was a Zoantharian coral, and the presence of tabulæ in Millepora led to the classification of the Milleporidæ with other tabulate corals. It was not until Moseley examined the soft arts of Heliopora, and until Agassiz examined the soft parts of Millepora, that these corals were assigned to their proper in the animal kingdom.

scholarly journals Synopsis of the Classification of the Animal Kingdom.

1883 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-184
Author(s):  
H. Alleyne Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Animal Kingdom

William Thomas Calman, 1871 - 1952

1953 ◽  
Vol 8 (22) ◽  
pp. 355-372
Keyword(s):  
Major Group ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Systematic Zoology ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

In 1930 Dr Caiman ended an address by quoting that grand old entomologist, David Sharp, who, in reply to a criticism that the days of systematic zoology were numbered, said that although he had seen many changing fashions in zoology, the one branch that never failed to attract was the systematic one. ‘There will always be systematic zoologists.’ Yes, there always will be—but not of the stature of Caiman. He was born at the right time, when the impetus given to phylogenetic research by the publication of The origin of species was reaching its maximum, at a time such that at the height of his career it was still possible for a man to be a great authority on one whole major group of animals; still possible, but only just. Caiman was one of the last of such great authorities, and it is certain that we shall never see the like again. With the vastness of modern research into classification of animals and even more so with the enormous expansion of the literature of the subject, it is now only possible for a man to be an authority on some small subdivision of the animal kingdom. That is why we who follow him are so mindful of the thanks we owe Caiman for the monument of his scholarship.

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