Visceral Innervation and its Relation to Personality. Albert Kuntz

1953 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-194
Author(s):  
O. Thomas Law
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Innervation

scholarly journals 12-P004 Development and function of visceral innervation in Drosophila

2009 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. S190
Author(s):  
Paola Cognigni ◽  
Gerit Linneweber ◽  
Andrew Bailey ◽  
Irene Miguel-Aliaga
Keyword(s):  
And Function ◽  
Visceral Innervation

The abdominal visceral innervation and the emetic reflex: pathways, pharmacology, and plasticity

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. R. Andrews ◽  
C. J. Davis ◽  
S. Bingham ◽  
H. I. M. Davidson ◽  
J. Hawthorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Cytotoxic Drugs ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vagal Afferent ◽  
Afferent Terminals ◽  
Visceral Innervation

In recent years the role of the area postrema in the emetic reflex has been predominant and the involvement of the abdominal visceral innervation has tended to be overlooked. This paper attempts to redress the balance reflex by reviewing aspects of the existing literature and complementing this with original studies from the ferret. In view of the widespread use of the ferret in studies of emesis and particularly in the characterization of the antiemetic actions of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, the opportunity is taken to assess the suitability of this species for studies of emesis. It is concluded that the ferret is sensitive to a wide range of emetic stimuli including intragastric irritants, opiate and dopamine receptor agonists, many cytotoxic drugs, and radiation. For several stimuli it is more sensitive than other species and for radiation on the basis of its ED100 it appears to be the most sensitive of the laboratory animals studied. Using electrical stimulation of the central end of the dorsal vagal trunk in the abdomen in conscious and anaesthetized animals, the vagal afferents were shown to be capable of eliciting emesis. Using lesioning studies an involvement of the vagus in the emetic response to a number of cytotoxic drugs (e.g., cisplatinum, cyclophosphamide, mustine) and radiation was demonstrated, although the magnitude of the effect varied with the different stimuli. An attempt is made to reconcile these observations with previous studies of area postrema ablation. The problems of interpreting the effects of nerve lesions are critically discussed in light of preliminary evidence presented here that there may be a degree of plasticity in the emetic pathway following such lesions. The range of antiemetic effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists is reviewed and an attempt is made to identify the site(s) at which these agents act. Results are presented that suggest a link between the vagus and 5-HT3 receptor antagonism. These studies are discussed together with others and lead us to propose that (in the ferret) 5-HT3 receptor antagonists have their main antiemetic effect by acting on vagal afferent terminals in the wall of the upper gut with an additional minor site either in the nucleus tractus solitarius or presynaptically on the vagal afferent terminals in the medulla where binding sites for 5-HT3 receptor ligands have recently been demonstrated in this species.Key words: emesis, visceral nerves, vagus nerve, ferret, plasticity, serotonin antagonists.

The delayed phase of cisplatin-induced emesis is mediated by the area postrema and not the abdominal visceral innervation in the ferret

2009 ◽  
Vol 465 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Percie du Sert ◽  
John A. Rudd ◽  
Raymond Moss ◽  
Paul L.R. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Area Postrema ◽  
Delayed Phase ◽  
Visceral Innervation

scholarly journals Acupuncture for Visceral Pain: Neural Substrates and Potential Mechanisms

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuping Chen ◽  
Shubin Wang ◽  
Peijing Rong ◽  
Junying Wang ◽  
Lina Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Acupuncture Analgesia ◽  
Afferent Pathways ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Visceral Innervation

Visceral pain is the most common form of pain caused by varied diseases and a major reason for patients to seek medical consultation. Despite much advances, the pathophysiological mechanism is still poorly understood comparing with its somatic counterpart and, as a result, the therapeutic efficacy is usually unsatisfactory. Acupuncture has long been used for the management of numerous disorders in particular pain and visceral pain, characterized by the high therapeutic benefits and low adverse effects. Previous findings suggest that acupuncture depresses pain via activation of a number of neurotransmitters or modulators including opioid peptides, serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine centrally and peripherally. It endows us, by advancing the understanding of the role of ion channels and gut microbiota in pain process, with novel perspectives to probe the mechanisms underlying acupuncture analgesia. In this review, after describing the visceral innervation and the relevant afferent pathways, in particular the ion channels in visceral nociception, we propose three principal mechanisms responsible for acupuncture induced benefits on visceral pain. Finally, potential topics are highlighted regarding the future studies in this field.

scholarly journals Optical Imaging of Pancreatic Innervation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madina Makhmutova ◽  
Alejandro Caicedo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Fluorescent Reporters ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Visceral Innervation ◽  
Stimulation Of

At the time of Ivan Pavlov, pancreatic innervation was studied by looking at pancreas secretions in response to electrical stimulation of nerves. Nowadays we have ways to visualize neuronal activity in real time thanks to advances in fluorescent reporters and imaging techniques. We also have very precise optogenetic and pharmacogenetic approaches that allow neuronal manipulations in a very specific manner. These technological advances have been extensively employed for studying the central nervous system and are just beginning to be incorporated for studying visceral innervation. Pancreatic innervation is complex, and the role it plays in physiology and pathophysiology of the organ is still not fully understood. In this review we highlight anatomical aspects of pancreatic innervation, techniques for pancreatic neuronal labeling, and approaches for imaging pancreatic innervation in vitro and in vivo.

Anatomical basis of fascial plane blocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 581-599
Author(s):  
Ki Jinn Chin ◽  
Barbara Versyck ◽  
Hesham Elsharkawy ◽  
Maria Fernanda Rojas Gomez ◽  
Xavier Sala-Blanch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Paravertebral Space ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Local Anesthetic Injection ◽  
Visceral Innervation ◽  
Fascial Plane

Fascial plane blocks (FPBs) are regional anesthesia techniques in which the space (“plane”) between two discrete fascial layers is the target of needle insertion and injection. Analgesia is primarily achieved by local anesthetic spread to nerves traveling within this plane and adjacent tissues. This narrative review discusses key fundamental anatomical concepts relevant to FPBs, with a focus on blocks of the torso. Fascia, in this context, refers to any sheet of connective tissue that encloses or separates muscles and internal organs. The basic composition of fascia is a latticework of collagen fibers filled with a hydrated glycosaminoglycan matrix and infiltrated by adipocytes and fibroblasts; fluid can cross this by diffusion but not bulk flow. The plane between fascial layers is filled with a similar fat-glycosaminoglycan matric and provides gliding and cushioning between structures, as well as a pathway for nerves and vessels. The planes between the various muscle layers of the thorax, abdomen, and paraspinal area close to the thoracic paravertebral space and vertebral canal, are popular targets for ultrasound-guided local anesthetic injection. The pertinent musculofascial anatomy of these regions, together with the nerves involved in somatic and visceral innervation, are summarized. This knowledge will aid not only sonographic identification of landmarks and block performance, but also understanding of the potential pathways and barriers for spread of local anesthetic. It is also critical as the basis for further exploration and refinement of FPBs, with an emphasis on improving their clinical utility, efficacy, and safety.

French Psychological Literature

1868 ◽  
Vol 14 (65) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
John Sibbald
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Delirium Tremens ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Cerebral Disease ◽  
Organic Life ◽  
The Mind ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Visceral Innervation

Pathology of the Brain in Cholera.—Dr. E. Mesnet devotes a paper to the consideration of the cerebral lesions observed in this disease. With the first period of the disease, that of prostration and enfeeblement, are associated functional disorders of the ganglionic nervous system; with the second, or reactive period, are associated those cerebral complications to which Mesnet directs our attention. In the cases of three persons who were seized with choleraic symptoms, while under the influence of alcoholic intoxication, the algidity and cyanotic symptoms did not come on. But about the tenth day of the disease a condition undistinguishable from delirium tremens made its appearance, and, after continuing three days, gave place to convalescence, which was inaugurated by an abundant and apparently critical perspiration. In general, he says, the discord between the nervous functions of animal life and those connected with relational existence is very striking. “There is nothing more affecting than the appearance of the asphyxie stage of collapse when the patient is in continual movement, when his features and skin are corpse-like, and visceral innervation appears to be extinguished, when all organic functions appear to have ceased, and when, nevertheless, his intellect is preserved and he can converse with us up to the last moment. The mind has no longer its natural vivacity; the con ceptions are languid; the memory requires to be stimulated; but when the patient is roused and the attention fixed, correct answers are obtained to questions put. The semi-comatose condition in which he is found is not the coma of cerebral disease, but a sort of drowsiness, which results from the general exhaustion of organic life. The benumbed condition of the senses is, in part, the cause of slowness of cerebral action; less sensitive to external stimuli, they transmit imperfect impressions, which are followed by obscure sensation. The hearing is almost lost, vision enfeebled, and sensi bility in general obtuse. As soon as the collapse begins to pass off, and reaction supervenes, the intellectual faculties recover from the torpidity to which we have referred, and the patient, who is more or less aware of his condition, becomes conscious of what is going on around him, and directs a restless attention to it.

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