The Conservative Research Department: the Care and Feeding of Future British Political Elites

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-113
Author(s):  
Arnold Beichman
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Party ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Department ◽  
Winston Churchill ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
The Right

One of the distinctive characteristics of the Conservative Party's history has been its ability for a century or more to moult its plumage at the right political season without really altering its gestalt. This comment does not imply an act of deception by Conservative Party leaders. Rather it recognizes that Peel, Pitt, Disraeli and, in the twentieth century, Tory leaders like R. A. Butler, Harold Macmillan, Iain Macleod and before them, Neville Chamberlain and Winston Churchill, somehow understood the need for social change and the politics of compromise; so much so that they were quite prepared, in the words of New York's Mayor Jimmy Walker, “to rise above principle” where and when it appeared to be necessary. The Conservative Party has endured as a party because of its unusual adaptability compared to conservative parties in other Western societies. Indeed, it has more than merely ‘endured’: the Conservative Party in an apparently hostile atmosphere, has been able to take and hold power for huge blocks of time in the past century.This adaptation to reality in the interests of power was particularly apparent after the landslide Conservative defeat in July 1945. Some party leaders were determined to adapt to the new realities by attempting to recapture the support of as sizeable a segment of the British working class as the party had enjoyed at the turn of the century. Promulgation of the Industrial Charter through the efforts of a high-powered Tory Committee and the Conservative Research Department was a significant step in that direction.

scholarly journals The site Vavilino 1 on the right bank of the Derkul River in Western Kazakhstan (materials of 2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Talgat Basarbaevich Mamirov
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bone Remains ◽  
Excavation Area

The paper is devoted to preliminary data from a study of the Vavilino 1 site in Western Kazakhstan. The monument was first opened by N.M. Malov in 1986, later he picked artifacts from the surface in 1988. In 1991 N.L. Morgunova carried out excavations on the site, which showed the importance of this monument study to understand the Neolithic Volga-Ural interfluve. The monument is located on the right bank of the Derkul River and is currently classified as an emergency. In 2018, employees of the Institute of Archeology named after A.Kh. Margulan in the framework of the Stone Age study in Western Kazakhstan started to work on the monuments of Yeshkitau, Derkul 1 and Vavilino 1. At the Vavilino 1 site a small excavation area - 16 square meters was made, more than a thousand stone artifacts were received; fragments of ceramics and bone remains of animals were poorly diagnosed. Excavations have shown the presence of a 15-20 cm thick cultural layer belonging to the Neolithic time. The upper layer of the monument with a capacity of up to 30 cm was destroyed by anthropogenic activities in the past century. The material from the cultural layer is not numerous; tip scrapers, fragments of plates with retouching, geometrical microliths, prismatic nucleus for plates, etc. are typologically distinguished.

Introduction

2011 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Anne Billson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Film Festival ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Right ◽  
World Premiere

This chapter introduces the Swedish vampire film, Låt den rätte komma (Let the Right One In), which not only stands out from contemporary vampire films, but ranks among the very best vampire movies of the past century. The chapter mentions director Tomas Alfredson and screenwriter John Ajvide Lindqvist, who adapted Låt den rätte komma from his own novel of the same name. It also mentions a song by the lugubrious British rock singer-songwriter Morrissey as Lindqvist's inspiration for the title of his novel 'Let the Right One Slip In'. It recounts Let the Right One In's world premiere on 26 January 2008 at the Göteborg International Film Festival in Sweden and screening at other festivals in Europe, North America, Australia and South Korea. The chapter explains why Let the Right One In stands head and shoulders above other recent horror movies like Twilight from 2008.

How to Get There

2019 ◽  
pp. 202-234
Author(s):  
Lane Kenworthy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Public Insurance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Government Role ◽  
The Right ◽  
Organized Interest

Abstract: The lesson of the past one hundred years is that as the United States gets richer, we are willing to spend more in order to safeguard against loss and enhance fairness. Advances in social policy come only intermittently, but they do come. And when they come, they usually last. The expansion of public insurance that has occurred over the past century is what we should expect for the future. I consider an array of potential obstacles, including Americans’ dislike of big government, Democrats’ centrism, Democrats’ electoral struggles, the shift to the right in the balance of organized interest group strength, the structure of America’s political system, racial and ethnic diversity, slowing economic growth, and more. None of these is likely to derail America’s slow but steady movement toward an expanded government role in improving economic security, enhancing opportunity, and ensuring decent and rising living standards for all.

Advances on NDT Methods and Technologies for Early Stage Diagnosis of Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 681 ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Berti ◽  
Francesco De Marco ◽  
S. Aldrighetti
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Past Century ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Atomic Flux ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Significant Step

The early stage diagnoses of material lattices is becoming a crucial requirement where investigation methods and technologies are faced with both aging of components and materials. The mixing effects of wear, fatigue, temperature variation and environment conditions translate into variations of the atomic flux rate and internal rearrangement of grain size and boundaries of lattices. The related lattice measurements (e.g. the d-.spacing is one important among others) become the only one usable for early stage diagnoses of the lattice structural integrity. When such a diagnoses are the base to identify the qualification of material for the use or the re-qualification for the maintenance in the use, new technologies are required, with methods and appropriate concepts shall be used. The authors bid here to describe shortly the historical evolution of methods and techniques since the 70’s, along with the basic tests performed during the early 90’s of the past century. The technological follow up from those tests is reported along with some results which indicate the significant step up of the most recent technology toward the early stage diagnosis of material via on site x-ray diffraction. Further foreseeable development and advances are also mentioned.

scholarly journals The Politics of Gun Control in the United States

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Vibeke Sofie Sandager Rønnedal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
The People ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Right ◽  
Standing Army

The discussion of the right to keep and bear arms has been a growing issue in American society during the past two decades. This article examines the origin of the right and whether it is still relevant in contemporary American society. It is found that the Second Amendment was written for two main reasons: to protect the people of the frontier from wildlife and foreign as well as native enemies, and to ensure the citizen militia being armed and ready to fight for a country with a deep-rooted mistrust of a standing army and a strongly centralized government. As neither of these reasons have applied to American society for at least the past century, it is concluded that American society has changed immensely since the Second Amendment was ratified in 1791, and that the original purpose of the right to keep and bear arms thus has been outdated long ago.

Elite Power Competition and Corruption Investigation in China: A Case Study

Modern China ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-335
Author(s):  
Jiangnan Zhu ◽  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Protection ◽  
Local Party

This article uses an investigation-trigger framework to explain the process that stimulates investigations of corruption in China, which has been treated more as a black box in the past. Reviewing China’s current anticorruption system, we argue that local party leaders’ decisions directly trigger corruption investigations, and that power competition between political elites is a major catalyst of the trigger. Moreover, drawing upon rarely accessible documentation and interviews addressing the successive downfall of two public security bureau chiefs in City H, we identify two channels through which the investigation-trigger catalyst works: the diminished patronage of corrupt officials after patron turnovers, and government insiders’ unconventional provocation of political opponents. The cases analyzed in this article also show that outside intervention may rupture the local protection of corruption and facilitate investigations. This finding supports the 2012 reform of China’s corruption control system.

Stanislavsky and Ramacharaka: The Influence of Yoga and Turn-of-the-Century Occultism on the System

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andrew White
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
The West ◽  
Konstantin Stanislavsky ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Personal Crisis

Fin-de-siècle Russia was a culture replete with interest in the occult, spiritualism, and the religions of the Far East. Curiosity about the mystical infused all tiers of society. Among those influenced by the spiritual was none other than Konstantin Stanislavsky himself, who experienced a personal crisis in which he began to doubt his own ability as an actor. In 1906, he took his now-famous trip to Finland, where he sequestered himself for the summer, examined his artistic life, and began to reconsider seriously his process as an actor. While reflecting on his past artistic work, he began to organize years of notes on acting; and several notions drawn from Eastern mysticism in general and Yoga in particular found their way into his “system.” Although a handful of articles that examine Stanislavsky's use of Yoga have been published in the West, over the past century scholars and teachers have paid little attention to the spiritual facets of Stanislavsky's thinking, focusing instead on the psychological aspects of his work. Given, however, the presence of important Yogic elements in the system at its very inception, a full understanding of Stanislavsky's technique is impossible without knowledge of the intersections between his system and Yoga. Borrowing from Yoga, Stanislavsky offers actors much more than theories about how to be more believable or psychologically realistic in their roles. He adapts specific Yogic exercises in order to help actors transcend the limitations of the physical senses and tap into higher levels of creative consciousness.

Heritage in Context

2020 ◽  
pp. 670-689
Author(s):  
Nasser Rabbat
Keyword(s):  
Right To The City ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Historic Cities

The meaning and scope of heritage are far from settled in the contemporary Middle East, as both history and geography are being contested, reclaimed, and reconfigured. Inspired by European models yet fueled by resistance to European colonialism, heritage preservation prompted a protracted contest between traditionalism and modernism in the past century. What began as an antiquarian interest in preserving historic monuments evolved into a more holistic understanding of the import of the built heritage in recent decades. Yet the historic cities still suffer from chronic problems of poverty, overcrowding, and neglect, as well as new problems resulting from manipulated planning and real estate capitalism, which accelerated the erosion of the civic qualities that were slowly acquired over the past two centuries. To rescue these old cities, a new conceptualizing of heritage is needed that builds on the thinking that has evolved in the last decade on the right to the city.

Joseph de Maistre and the Reaction Against the Eighteenth Century

1961 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisha Greifer
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Past Century ◽  
History Of Political Thought ◽  
French Politics ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Split Personality ◽  
The Right

It is a commonplace observation of French politics of the past century that men who started out as radicals turned conservative as they grew older, and that party groups launched with radical names and programs, though they kept the names, swung to the Right with the passage of time. In both cases we explain the transformation, in part at least, as evidence of an increasing satisfaction with the status quo, as the political system made room for the newcomer. In Joseph de Maistre we have an example from a somewhat earlier age of a less common phenomenon, the conservative turned reactionary, and impelled, moreover, to develop a systematic justification of his new position. Evidently, no parallel explanation will serve to account for this change, for Maistre, though he found a place for himself in the public life of his time, grew increasingly dissatisfied with the trend of events around him. It will not do, either, to dismiss him—in the manner of the orthodox tradition in the history of political thought—as an authoritarian ogre, or an irrationalist, or simply as a confused man, a split personality with humanitarian impulses and reactionary ideas. There was no inconsistency in this combination. Rather the explanation must be sought in the political situation of his day as he saw it, and in his concern for the perennial problem of political obligation. The positions that concern led him to take, his rationalizations of them, and the difficulties they landed him in, are the subject of this article.

scholarly journals What climate change means for farmers in Africa: A triptych review Right panel: Climate extremes and society's responses, including mitigation attempts as part of preparedness of African farmers

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (61) ◽  
pp. 8459-8473
Author(s):  
CJ Stigter ◽  
◽  
E Ofori ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Recurrence Time ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Extreme Hazards ◽  
The Right

In this paper in three parts, climate change is approached by dealing with the three sides from which the danger comes: (i) global warming, (ii) increasing climate variability, (iii) more (and possibly more severe) meteorological and climatological extreme events. These are the three panels of this triptych review and the right panel on climate extremes and society’s responses, including mitigation attempts as part of preparedness of African farmers, is this part. The occurrence of more (and possibly more severe) extreme meteorological/climatological events, as another likely consequence of climate change, is discussed, reviewing the literature and dealing for Africa with recent droughts and famines. It appears that there is more than sufficient proof that the numbers of disasters have risen globally, and on average at an increasing rate, over the last half a century, with more evidence in the later decades. Extreme hazards have a shorter recurrence time but whether they also have become more severe cannot be easily determined. This is due to developments in observations, populations and vulnerabilities and lack of developments in climate models. Only for increased temperature related disasters, severity has clearly become larger. However, recent more realistic calculations appear to suggest that there has been little change in drought over the past 60 years. In physical terms, there is also little or no evidence of increased severity of floods over the past century. Increasing farmer preparedness will be an important part of better responses to these conditions. The traditional response farming as to droughts, floods (annual recession and recurrent occasional ones), strong winds and other serious disasters should be among starting points. At the end of this paper, the contributions that tropical agriculture can make to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) in win-win situations are also dealt with. Soil carbon sequestration has a higher mitigation potential than emission reductions in African agriculture, although both may be important. These are best achieved under management systems with higher carbon density, as well as improved soil conservation. Agroforestry, assisted natural regeneration, forest rehabilitation, forest gardens, and improved forest fallow projects should all be eligible under the Clean Development Mechanism. Throughout the paper text boxes are used that illustrate local conditions that must be taken into account to understand the impacts/consequences of climate change for African farmers and how they may cope with them.

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