Parties and Issues in Early Victorian England

1966 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O. Aydelotte
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political History ◽  
The Other ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Parliamentary Reform ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Oratory

It has never been established how far, in the early Victorian House of Commons, voting on issues followed party lines. It might in general seem plausible to assume — what political oratory generally contrives to suggest — that there are ideological disagreements between parties and that it makes a difference which of two major opposing parties is in control of the Government. This is, indeed, the line taken by some students of politics. A number of historians and political observers have, however, inclined to the contrary opinion and have, for various reasons, tended to play down the role of issues in party disputes. Much of what has been written on political history and, in particular, on the history of Parliament has had a distinct anti-ideological flavor.One line of argument is that issues on which disagreement exists are not always party questions. Robert Trelford McKenzie begins his study of British parties by pointing out that Parliament just before 1830 was “divided on a great issue of principle, namely Catholic emancipation,” and just after 1830, on another, parliamentary reform. He continues: “But on neither issue was there a clear division along strict party lines.” The distinguished administration of Sir Robert Peel in the 1840s was based, according to Norman Gash, on a party “deeply divided both on policy and personalities.” The other side of the House at that time is usually thought to have been even more disunited. It has even been suggested that, in the confused politics of the mid-nineteenth century, the wordsconservativeandradicaleach meant so many different things that they cannot be defined in terms of programs and objectives and that these polarities may more usefully be considered in terms of tempers and approaches.

When a Daring Chemistry Meets a Boring Chemistry: The Reception of Mendeleev’s Periodic System in Sweden

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Lundgren
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Periodic System ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Science ◽  
History Of Chemistry ◽  
System P ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Se

The reception of Mendeleev’s periodic system in Sweden was not a dramatic episode. The system was accepted almost without discussion, but at the same time with no exclamation marks or any other outbursts of enthusiasm. There are but a few weak short-lived critical remarks. That was all. I will argue that the acceptance of the system had no overwhelming effect on chemical practice in Sweden. At most, it strengthened its characteristics. It is actually possible to argue that chemistry in Sweden was more essential for the periodic system than the other way around. My results might therefore suggest that we perhaps have to reevaluate the role of Mendeleev’s system in the history of chemistry. Chemistry in Sweden at the end of the nineteenth century can be characterized as a classifying science, with chemists very skilled in analysis, and as mainly an atheoretical science, which treated theories at most only as hypothesis—the slogan of many chemists being “facts persist, theories vanish.” Thanks to these characteristics, by the end of the nineteenth century, chemistry in Sweden had developed into, it must be said, a rather boring chemistry. This is obviously not to say that it is boring to study such a chemistry. Rather, it gives us an example of how everyday science, a part of science too often neglected but a part that constitutes the bulk of all science done, is carried out. One purpose of this study is to see how a theory, considered to be important in the history of chemistry, influenced everyday science. One might ask what happened when a daring chemistry met a boring chemistry. What happened when a theory, which had been created by a chemist who has been described as “not a laboratory chemist,” met an atheoretical experimental science of hard laboratory work and, as was said, the establishment of facts? Furthermore, could we learn something about the role of the periodic system per se from the study of such a meeting? Mendeleev’s system has often been considered important for teaching, and his attempts to write a textbook are often taken as the initial step in the chain of thoughts that led to the periodic system.

scholarly journals The Role Of The Principalities Of The Kashkadarya Oasis In The Political History Of The Bukhara Emirate In The XIX-Early XX Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (11) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Akhmadjon Kholikulov ◽  
◽  
Ozodbek Nematovich Nematov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

Information on political relations between the government of the Emirate of Bukhara and the principalities of the Kashkadarya oasis in the early XIX-XX centuries is reflected in the works of local historians and Russian tourists, diplomats, the military. Local historians such as Muhammad Mirolim Bukhari, Muhammad Siddiq, Mirzo Abdulazim Somi, Mushrif Bukhari, Ahmad Donish, Mirzo Salimbek, who lived and worked during this period, were government officials and dedicated their works to the reigns of the Mangit emirs.

Port Cities, Diaspora Communities and Emerging Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire: Balkan Merchants in Odessa and Their Network in the Early Nineteenth Century

2008 ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
Oliver Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Political History ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Business Statistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Methodological Difficulties

This chapter examines the complicated political history of the merchant trade community of Odessa, which includes the Russian expansion into the Black Sea; the Greek settlement in Odessa; the role of Bulgarian merchants in Odessa; the establishment of Novorossiya; and the rise of Greek nationalism in the area. It examines the methodological difficulties in studying this period due to a lack of population and business statistics. It concludes that the port of Odessa became Greek-dominated over time, and maritime mercantile activity in Odessa became a factor that symbolised Greek Nationalism and ‘Greekness’.

PRINCESS ISABEL MARIA DE BRAGANÇA: REGENT OF PORTUGAL BETWEEN D. PEDRO AND D. MIGUEL1

2020 ◽  
Vol 484 ◽  
pp. 75-106
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Galante Delmas
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
High Point ◽  
Political Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
King John

The daughters of King John VI of Portugal and Queen Carlota Joaquina had their lives forgotten by historiography and have remained at the threshold of ostracism. Amongst the events of the political trajectories of the six infantas, the regency of Isabel Maria (1826 to 1828) can be considered the high point of the history of such princesses. Her role in the government of Portugal began with the death of her father and was marked by the disputes between D. Pedro and D. Miguel for the post. The fourth daughter of the Portuguese sovereigns assisted King John as secretary in his political functions and, as regent, sought to secure the throne for her brother D. Pedro, and later supposedly turned to the other brother. Chosen by her own father to take over the regency of Portugal, she reluctantly handed over the command of the country to D. Miguel. Unmarried to death, the infanta showed a political posture distinct of that of her mother and sisters, aligned with her father and older brother posture, and actively participated in the political events of the 1800s. Through the analysis of her personal and public trajectories, it is sought to understand its importance in the Brazilian and the Iberian political contexts, especially the relations between Brazil and Portugal. This study also seeks to contribute to the analysis of important themes of Brazilian and Portuguese historiographies through new uses and possibilities of biographies, which has been gaining space through the approaches of New Political History.

REFORMING DISCOURSES AND POLITICAL PRACTICE IN BRITAIN, 1760–1872 History of suffrage, 1760–1867. Edited by Anna Clark and Sarah Richardson. London: Pickering and Chatto, 2000. 6 vols. Pp. xxi+351, 320, 348, 396, 341, 346. ISBN 1-85196-706-0. £495.00. Language, print and electoral politics, 1790–1832: Newcastle-under-Lyme broadsides. Edited by Hannah Barker and David Vincent. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2001. ISBN 0-85115-810-2. £45.00. The diaries of Samuel Bamford. Edited by Martin Hewitt and Robert Poole. Thrupp, Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 2000. Pp. xxxi+383. ISBN 0-7509-1735-0. £55.00.

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-499
Author(s):  
KATHRYN GLEADLE
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Practice ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Parliamentary Reform ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic Problem

‘The word [reform] is a singularly vague one; it means every thing, and any thing; it conveys no positive idea whatever; but seems to have a different acceptation in each different mouth.’ So declared John Walsh, an opponent of parliamentary reform in his 1831 pamphlet, Popular opinions on parliamentary reform. Walsh's observation, which shrewdly identifies a recurring semantic problem for historians of the early nineteenth century, is but one of many illuminating texts to be reprinted in the History of suffrage, 1760–1867, edited by Anna Clark and Sarah Richardson. This publication, when read alongside the other two volumes under consideration, Hannah Barker and David Vincent's Language, print and electoral politics, 1790–1832, which reprints a plethora of electoral ephemera from pre-reform Newcastle-under-Lyme; and Martin Hewitt and Robert Poole's The diaries of Samuel Bamford provides fascinating insights into the constellation of vocabularies, strategies, and concerns that comprised the reforming project.

Urban Government under the Raj A Case Study of Municipal Administration in Nineteenth–Century South India

1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South India ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Urban Government ◽  
Municipal Administration ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

Until very recently, scholars of nineteenth-century India have tended to dismiss the role of urban government and politics as trivial or inconsequential. Most have reached their conclusions by studying the formation of policy in London or Delhi, using the private papers of high officials or reports prepared by the Government of India. A standard authority on British policy of this period states that local self-government ‘proved to be a tree which never took firm root. Local self-government never gained major significance in the political history of modern India.’ Local self-government failed, according to another scholar, because ‘… a rigid system of supervision was created, which ran from the smallest municipality up to the Secretary of State for India.’ In his opinion, this control and shortage of funds can be held responsible for the lack of development in ‘… the scope of public services, which were confined to the bare essentials.’ A dreary picture of petty quarreling in municipal government and stagnation in urban services prevails, alleviated only by the appearance of Lord Curzon as Viceroy in 1899 and his efforts to instill some ‘dynamic influence’ into local government. Although the policy of local self-government satisfied neither official aims nor nationalist aspirations, its importance for local politics and administration is now undergoing a major reassessment.

scholarly journals Ewolucja instytucji prezydentury w politycznej historii Ukrainy: ustanowienie prezydentury, kompetencje, rola i miejsce prezydenta w systemie rządów

Politeja ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2 (34/1)) ◽  
pp. 25-62
Author(s):  
Witalij Łytwyn
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Political History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

The Evolution of Institution of Presidency in Political History of Ukraine: Incipience, Powers, Role and Place in the System of Government The author determined phases of formation, powers, role and place of presidency in the government system of Ukraine at different stages of its political development, outlined historiography of presidency’s researches in Ukraine, incrementally structured the evolution of political and legal views about the nature and purpose of the presidency in Ukraine, outlined the factual authority, role and place of presidency in the government system of Ukraine (on Ukrainian ethnic territories) in the first decade of the twentieth century. He also described the influence of the USSR presidency on the characteristics of formation and role of the presidency in post‑Soviet Ukraine as well as revealed the dynamics of presidency in the independent Ukraine, 1991‑2014. The author also found out the problem of institutional inheritance of presidency (including his powers, role and place in system of government) in the context of impact of some historical milestones of Ukrainian statehood in the following historical milestones. As result, the researcher argued that the institution of presidency in Ukraine (including the government system at all) needs to be reformed because of the past institutional, legal and political legacy of the presidency in Ukraine, and given to the experience of presidency in Central and Eastern Europe countries.

Egypt’s Old Kingdom

2020 ◽  
pp. 316-396
Author(s):  
Miroslav Bárta
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Political History ◽  
External Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Funerary Monuments ◽  
History Of

This chapter explores the vivid, dynamic, and multifaceted political history of the Old Kingdom of Egypt (twenty-sixth to twenty-second centuries BC). It focuses in particular on the evolution of Egyptian society and the role of state offices and bureaucracy in defining social status. The chapter surveys the available sources and environmental constraints, including the cyclical Nile floods, before analyzing the competition for status that drove social and political change, with a particular focus on the construction of funerary monuments. The chapter pays equal attention to the royal family and the other elites of the Old Kingdom. The state’s development is contextualized in external factors such as the constantly changing environment.

Crime Control and Everyday Life in the Victorian City

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Governmental Power ◽  
Historical Antecedents

This book provides the first detailed study of policing and civilian crime control in nineteenth-century England. It provides a sustained, empirically rich critique of existing accounts, which present the modern history of crime control as a process whereby the state wrested governmental power from the civilian public. According to the orthodox interpretation, the formation of new, ‘professional’ police forces in the nineteenth century is integral to the decline of an early modern, participatory, discretionary culture of self-policing, and its replacement by a modern, bureaucratic system of crime control. This book critically challenges the established view, and presents a fundamental reinterpretation of changes to crime control in the age of the new police. It breaks new ground by providing a highly detailed, empirical analysis of informal, civilian crime control—which reveals the tremendous activity which ordinary people displayed in responding to crime—alongside a rich survey of formal policing and criminal justice. With unique conceptual clarity, it seeks to reorient modern criminal justice history away from its established preoccupation with state systems of policing and punishment, and move towards a more nuanced analysis of the governance of crime. More widely, the book provides a valuable vantage point from which to rethink the role of civil society and the state in modern governance, the nature of agency and authority in Victorian England, and the historical antecedents of the pluralized modes of crime control which characterize contemporary society.

scholarly journals A semiotic interpretation of national typology: the English, the Boers and ... the Russians (Ivan Goncharov’s Frigate Pallas)

Literator ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
H. Mondry
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Dual Model ◽  
Cultural Model ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

This article examines the text of renowned nineteenth century Russian travellers notes, The Frigate Pallada, by Ivan Goncharov, the author of Oblomov. Using the teachings of Victor Shklovsky, Yurij Tynianov and Yurij Lotman on the role of the genre of travellers notes in the history of Russian literature, the author examines the chapter on the Cape Province. She demonstrates that in his descriptions of the two nations of the Cape Province - the English and the Boers - Goncharov is applying that which is known to him - his own cultural model of the Russian society of the mid-nineteenth century. In his examination of differences between the English and the Boers Goncharov applies the ideological dichotomy between the Slavophiles and the Westernisers. Goncharov, by "inverting" the "dual model of Russian culture" (Lotman & Uspensky, 1984a) draws comparisons between the Russians of the Oblomov Slavophile type on the one hand, and the English on the other hand as the model for the improvement of the industry of the economically backward Russian nation. To Goncharov the Boers resemble the Oblomov, old world side of dichotomy, which by inversions of the dual model can fluctuate between "the good" and "the bad" categories.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document