scholarly journals Males Influence Maternal Effects That Promote Sexual Selection: A Quantitative Genetic Experiment with Dung BeetlesOnthophagus taurus

2003 ◽  
Vol 161 (6) ◽  
pp. 852-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne S. Kotiaho ◽  
Leigh W. Simmons ◽  
John Hunt ◽  
Joseph L. Tomkins
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Genetic Experiment

scholarly journals Quantitative genetics and the evolution of ontogeny: I. Ontogenetic changes in quantitative genetic variance components in randombred mice

1983 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Cheverud ◽  
Larry J. Leamy ◽  
William R. Atchley ◽  
J. J. Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Trunk Length ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARYWe report the results of an ontogenetic analysis of quantitative genetic variance components with two replicates drawn from the randombred ICR strain of mice. A total of 432 mice from 108 full-sib families raised in a cross-fostering design were used to estimate direct effects heritability, maternal effects, and environmental effects for weight, head length, trunk length, trunk circumference, and tail length at 17, 24, 31, 38, 45, 52, 59, and 66 days of age. There was no significant difference in heritability between the replicates. Heritabilities either stayed more or less constant with age at about 0·30 (weight, trunk length, trunk circumference) or increased slightly with age (head length, tail length). Maternal effects decreased with age from a maximum of about 0·50 at weaning to about 0·15 at age 66 when growth was nearly complete. Environmental effects increased in relative importance during ontogeny.

scholarly journals Peak shifts and extinction under sex-specific selection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. De Lisle
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Sexual Antagonism ◽  
Adaptive Landscapes ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
The Face

AbstractA well-known property of sexual selection combined with a cross sex genetic correlation (rmf), is that it can facilitate a peak shift on the adaptive landscape. How do these diversifying effects of sexual selection +rmf balance with the constraints imposed by such sexual antagonism, to affect macroevolution of sexual dimorphism? Here, I extend existing quantitative genetic models of evolution on complex adaptive landscapes. Beyond recovering classical predictions for the conditions promoting a peak shift, I show that when rmf is moderate to strong, relatively weak sexual selection is required to induce a peak shift in males only. Increasing the strength of sexual leads to a sexually-concordant peak shift, suggesting that macroevolutionary rates of sexual dimorphism may be largely decoupled from the strength of within-population sexual selection. Accounting explicitly for demography further reveals that sex-specific peak shifts may be more likely to be successful than concordant shifts in the face of extinction, especially when natural selection is strong. An overarching conclusion is that macroevolutionary patterns of sexual dimorphism are unlikely to be readily explained by within-population estimates of selection or constraint alone.

scholarly journals Individual-based simulation of sexual selection: A quantitative genetic approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2003-2011
Author(s):  
D. van Dijk ◽  
P.M.A. Sloot ◽  
J.C. Tay ◽  
M.C. Schut
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Genetic Approach ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Individual Based Simulation

scholarly journals When mothers make sons sexy: maternal effects contribute to the increased sexual attractiveness of extra-pair offspring

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1731) ◽  
pp. 1233-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Tschirren ◽  
Erik Postma ◽  
Alison N. Rutstein ◽  
Simon C. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Maternal Investment ◽  
Genetic Benefits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Extra Pair Mating

Quality differences between offspring sired by the social and by an extra-pair partner are usually assumed to have a genetic basis, reflecting genetic benefits of female extra-pair mate choice. In the zebra finch ( Taeniopygia guttata ), we identified a colour ornament that is under sexual selection and appears to have a heritable basis. Hence, by engaging in extra-pair copulations with highly ornamented males, females could, in theory, obtain genes for increased offspring attractiveness. Indeed, sons sired by extra-pair partners had larger ornaments, seemingly supporting the genetic benefit hypothesis. Yet, when comparing ornament size of the social and extra-pair partners, there was no difference. Hence, the observed differences most likely had an environmental basis, mediated, for example, via differential maternal investment of resources into the eggs fertilized by extra-pair and social partners. Such maternal effects may (at least partly) be mediated by egg size, which we found to be associated with mean ornament expression in sons. Our results are consistent with the idea that maternal effects can shape sexual selection by altering the genotype–phenotype relationship for ornamentation. They also caution against automatically attributing greater offspring attractiveness or viability to an extra-pair mate's superior genetic quality, as without controlling for differential maternal investment we may significantly overestimate the role of genetic benefits in the evolution of extra-pair mating behaviour.

Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise S. Mead ◽  
Stevan J. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Genetic Models ◽  
Quantitative Genetic

scholarly journals Evolution of sexual cooperation from sexual conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (46) ◽  
pp. 23225-23231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria R. Servedio ◽  
John M. Powers ◽  
Russell Lande ◽  
Trevor D. Price
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Pair Bonds ◽  
Quantitative Genetic Model ◽  
Female Investment

In many species that form pair bonds, males display to their mate after pair formation. These displays elevate the female’s investment into the brood. This is a form of cooperation because without the display, female investment is reduced to levels that are suboptimal for both sexes. The presence of such displays is paradoxical as in their absence the male should be able to invest extra resources directly into offspring, to the benefit of both sexes. We consider that the origin of these displays lies in the exploitation of preexisting perceptual biases which increase female investment beyond that which is optimal for her, initially resulting in a sexual conflict. We use a combined population genetic and quantitative genetic model to show how this conflict becomes resolved into sexual cooperation. A cooperative outcome is most likely when perceptual biases are under selection pressures in other contexts (e.g., detection of predators, prey, or conspecifics), but this is not required. Cooperation between pair members can regularly evolve even when this provides no net advantage to the pair and when the display itself reduces a male’s contributions to raising the brood. The findings account for many interactions between the sexes that have been difficult to explain in the context of sexual selection.

scholarly journals Quantitative genetic analysis in Phalaris tuberosa I. The statistical theory of open-pollinated progenies

1965 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. H. Latter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Statistical Theory ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Commercial Population ◽  
Seedling Growth Rate ◽  
Self Fertilization

The present series of papers is concerned with the variation shown by date of ear emergence, seed weight, and measures of seedling growth rate in the Australian Commercial population of Phalaris tuberosa L. In this first communication, the statistical theory necessary for the interpretation of the available experimental observations is developed. The treatment involves a consideration of the effects of partial self-fertilization under open-pollination, of phenotypic assortative mating, and of maternal effects, on the expectations of the observed covariances among relatives.

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