scholarly journals Clonal Accumulation of Activated CD8+T Cells in the Central Nervous System during the Early Phase of Neuroborreliosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 187 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Jacobsen ◽  
Dun Zhou ◽  
Sabine Cepok ◽  
Stefan Nessler ◽  
Michael Happel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Immunization with dendritic cells can break immunological ignorance toward a persisting virus in the central nervous system and induce partial protection against intracerebral viral challenge

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 2379-2387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Fassnacht ◽  
Andreas Ackermann ◽  
Peter Staeheli ◽  
Jürgen Hausmann
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Recombinant Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Dendritic cells (DCs) have been used successfully to induce CD8 T cells that control virus infections and growth of tumours. The efficacy of DC-mediated immunization for the control of neurotropic Borna disease virus (BDV) in mice was evaluated. Certain strains of mice only rarely develop spontaneous neurological disease, despite massive BDV replication in the brain. Resistance to disease is due to immunological ignorance toward BDV antigen in the central nervous system. Ignorance in mice can be broken by immunization with DCs coated with TELEISSI, a peptide derived from the N protein of BDV, which represents the immunodominant cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope in H-2k mice. Immunization with TELEISSI-coated DCs further induced solid protective immunity against intravenous challenge with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing BDV-N. Interestingly, however, this immunization scheme induced only moderate protection against intracerebral challenge with BDV, suggesting that immune memory raised against a shared antigen may be sufficient to control a peripherally replicating virus, but not a highly neurotropic virus that is able to avoid activation of T cells. This difference might be due to the lack of BDV-specific CD4 T cells and/or inefficient reactivation of DC-primed, BDV-specific CD8 T cells by the locally restricted BDV infection. Thus, a successful vaccine against persistent viruses with strong neurotropism should probably induce antiviral CD8 (as well as CD4) T-cell responses and should favour the accumulation of virus-specific memory T cells in cervical lymph nodes.

scholarly journals Migration of CD8+T Cells into the Central Nervous System Gives Rise to Highly Potent Anti-HIV CD4dimCD8brightT Cells in a Wnt Signaling–Dependent Manner

2015 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen H. Richards ◽  
Srinivas D. Narasipura ◽  
Melanie S. Seaton ◽  
Victoria Lutgen ◽  
Lena Al-Harthi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Anti Hiv

scholarly journals Protective Immunosurveillance of the Central Nervous System by Listeria-Specific CD4 and CD8 T Cells in Systemic Listeriosis in the Absence of Intracerebral Listeria

2002 ◽  
Vol 169 (4) ◽  
pp. 2010-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai-Yu Kwok ◽  
Hrvoje Miletic ◽  
Sonja Lütjen ◽  
Sabine Soltek ◽  
Martina Deckert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Migration of encephalitogenic CD8 T cells into the central nervous system is dependent on the α4β1-integrin

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 3302-3312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Martin-Blondel ◽  
Béatrice Pignolet ◽  
Silvia Tietz ◽  
Lidia Yshii ◽  
Christina Gebauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals To Go or Stay: The Development, Benefit, and Detriment of Tissue-Resident Memory CD8 T Cells during Central Nervous System Viral Infections

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taryn E. Mockus ◽  
Heather M. Ren ◽  
Shwetank ◽  
Aron E. Lukacher
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cd8 T Cell Memory ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
The Brain

CD8 T cells coordinate immune defenses against viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS). Virus-specific CD8 T cells infiltrate the CNS and differentiate into brain-resident memory CD8 T cells (CD8 bTRM). CD8 bTRM are characterized by a lack of recirculation and expression of phenotypes and transcriptomes distinct from other CD8 T cell memory subsets. CD8 bTRM have been shown to provide durable, autonomous protection against viral reinfection and the resurgence of latent viral infections. CD8 T cells have also been implicated in the development of neural damage following viral infection, which demonstrates that the infiltration of CD8 T cells into the brain can also be pathogenic. In this review, we will explore the residency and maintenance requirements for CD8 bTRM and discuss their roles in controlling viral infections of the brain.

scholarly journals CD8+ T Cells in the Central Nervous System of Mice With Herpes Simplex Infection are Highly Activated and Express High Levels of CCR5 and CXCR3

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Lind ◽  
Alexandra Svensson ◽  
Karolina Thörn ◽  
Malgorzata Krzyzowska ◽  
Kristina Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Simplex Virus

Abstract Background: Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a neurotropic virus that can cause meningitis, an inflammation of the meninges in the central nervous system. T cells are key players in viral clearance, and these cells migrate from peripheral blood into the central nervous system upon infection. Several factors contribute to T cell migration, including the expression of chemokines in the inflamed tissue that attract T cells through their expression of chemokine receptors. Here we investigated CD8+ T cell profile in the spinal cord in a mouse model of herpes simplex virus type 2neuroinflammation. Method: Mice were infected with HSV-2, and sacrificed when showing signs of neuroinflammation. Cells and/or tissue from spinal cord, spleen and bloodwere analyzed for viability, expression of activation markers, chemokinereceptors and chemokines. Statistics were calculated using students T test and one-way ANOVA.Results:High numbers of CD8+ T cellswere present in thespinal cord following genital HSV-2-infection.CD8+T cells were highly activated and HSV-2 glycoprotein B -specific effector cells, some of which showed signs of recent degranulation. They also expressed high levels of many chemokine receptors, in particular CCR2, CCR4, CCR5 and CXCR3. Investigating corresponding receptor ligands in spinal cord tissue revealed markedly increased expression of the cognate ligands CCL2, CCL5, CCL8,CCL12 and CXCL10. Conclusion: This study shows thatduring herpesvirus neuroinflammation anti-viralCD8+T cells accumulatein the CNS. CD8+ T cells in the CNS also express chemotactic receptors cognate to the chemotactic gradients in the spinal cord. This indicates that anti-viral CD8+ T cells may migrate to infected areas in the spinal cord during herpesvirus neuroinflammation in response to chemotactic gradients.

Maintenance of CD8+T Cells during Acute Viral Infection of the Central Nervous System Requires CD4+T Cells But Not Interleukin-2

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiehao Zhou ◽  
David R. Hinton ◽  
Stephen A. Stohlman ◽  
Chih-Pin Liu ◽  
Lingwen Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Acute Viral Infection ◽  
The Central Nervous System
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