Preliminaries to Speech Analysis: The Distinctive Features and Their Correlates. Roman Jakobson , G. Gunnar M. Fant, Morris Halle

1954 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
Joshua Whatmough
Keyword(s):  
Speech Analysis ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Roman Jakobson

scholarly journals Preliminaries to Speech Analysis: The Distinctive Features and Their Correlates

Language ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Garvin ◽  
Roman Jakobson ◽  
C. Gunnar ◽  
M. Fant ◽  
Morris Halle
Keyword(s):  
Speech Analysis ◽  
Distinctive Features

Modeling acoustic cues to distinctive features in a lexical speech analysis system

2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 2960-2960
Author(s):  
Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Jeung-Yoon Choi ◽  
Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel
Keyword(s):  
Speech Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Analysis System

Anticipation, Simultaneity/Consecutivity and Distinctive Features in Phonology

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Renáta Gregová
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Making A Difference ◽  
Feature Geometry ◽  
Roman Jakobson ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Brain

The notion of distinctive features has had a firm position in phonology since the time of the Prague Linguistic Circle and especially that of one of its representatives, Roman Jakobson, whose well-known delimitation of a phoneme as “a bundle of distinctive features” (Jakobson, 1962, p. 421), that is, a set of simultaneous distinctive features, has inspired many scholars. Jakobson’s attempt “to analyse the distribution of distinctive features along two axes: that of simultaneity and that of successiveness” (ibid., p. 435) helped cover several phonetic and/or phonological processes and phenomena. Distinctive features, although theoretical constructs (Giegerich, 1992, p. 89), reflect phonetic, that is, articulatory and acoustic, properties of sounds. In the flow of speech, some features tend to influence the neighbouring phonemes. Sometimes speech organs produce something that the brain just ‘plans’ to produce (anticipatory speech errors). There are situations where it seems as if the successive organization of phonemes went hand in hand with the simultaneous nature of certain articulatory characteristics of those phonemes (the transgression of consonants and inherence of vowels in Romportl’s theory), or the given feature seems to be anticipated by the preceding segment. This is the case with nasalization and/or anticipatory coarticulation, as well as regressive (anticipatory) assimilation. In addition, simultaneity/consecutivity is a decisive criterion for the difference between the so-called complex segments, as specified in Feature Geometry, and simple segments (Duanmu, 2009). Moreover, the phonological opposition of simultaneity- successivity (that is, consecutivity) itself functions as a feature making a difference between segmental and suprasegmental elements in the sound system of a language, as was first mentioned by Harris (1944), later indicated by Jakobson (1962) and then fully developed by Sabol (2007, 2012).

A criticism of distinctive features

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Theory ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Roman Jakobson ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between segment and sound is a central concern of phonology.1 A framework for the definition of this relationship is that of distinctive features - proposed by Roman Jakobson and developed by Morris Halle. This framework may be looked at as having two parts: the substantive and the formal. The substantive is made up of the small number of features which, it is claimed (Halle, 1957: 67 ff.), are all that are necessary for describing all the languages of the world - fifteen by the latest count (Halle, 1964a: 329). The formal consists of a number of concepts which appear to have contributed to the definition of the relationship between segment and sound in transformational theory (Chomsky, 1964: 86). Only incidentally will I be concerned with the substantive part of the framework.

scholarly journals Roman Jakobson

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Thomas
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Roman Jakobson ◽  
The 1960S

Roman Osipovich Jakobson (1896–1982) famously characterized himself as a “Russian philologist. Period.” He arranged for his gravestone to be engraved simply with the words “Roman Jakobson—RUSSKIJ FILOLOG.” Jakobson’s Russianness, and his love of language and literature, are beyond dispute. However, his intellectual contributions far exceed the intersection of the two terms of his self-description. Jakobson was a dynamic and protean scholar, who wrote about Poetics, Phonology, historical linguistics (especially Slavic), morphosyntax, semiotics, psycholinguistics, and cultural and literary history. He participated avidly in a succession of scholarly collaboratives which generated ideas about language and literature that radiated outward to other thinkers and disciplines. In a first and formative instance, Jakobson was a precocious member of the avant garde literary-artistic Futurist movement in Moscow in the 1910s. In 1926, he co-founded the Prague Linguistic Circle, which developed a distinctive response to the structuralist linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure (b. 1857–d. 1913) that was then spreading across Europe. Following his immigration to America in 1941, Jakobson co-founded the Linguistic Circle of New York and taught at the French-Belgian university in exile, the École Libre des Hautes Études, before joining the faculty of Columbia University (in 1946), Harvard (in 1949), and MIT (in 1957, concurrent with his appointment at Harvard). Working steadily into his eighties through these successive dislocations, Jakobson produced a flood of texts and lectures addressed to diverse audiences, often coauthored with colleagues or former students. Much of his attention went to close linguistic analysis of literature, with a special focus on the formal linguistic features and sound patterns of poetry. A second theme was his work in phonology, especially in his collaboration with fellow Russian émigré and Prague Circle member Nikolai Trubetzkoy (b. 1890–d. 1938). Jakobson resolved phonemes into bundles of hierarchically organized distinctive features, emphasizing acoustic over articulatory definitions, in which one member has default or “unmarked” status relative to the other. The notion of distinctive features influenced generative phonology and other approaches in the 1960s, although Jakobson’s contributions are not always acknowledged. Another of Jakobson’s most significant accomplishments was his role in transmitting structuralism from Europe to the United States, especially during his residence in New York when his lectures on Saussure at the École Libre influenced anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss (b. 1908–d. 2009). Through Jakobson, structuralist ideas passed to Lévi-Strauss, and then to sociology, philosophy, literary criticism, and 20th-century humanities in general, before meeting opposition from poststructuralism in the late 1960s.

Structural Organization and Distribution of Fiber Types in Extraocular Muscles of Cats

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Asish C. Nag ◽  
Lee D. Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Superior Rectus ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Orbital Region

Cat extraocular muscles consist of two regions: orbital, and global. The orbital region contains predominantly small diameter fibers, while the global region contains a variety of fibers of different diameters. The differences in ultrastructural features among these muscle fibers indicate that the extraocular muscles of cats contain at least five structurally distinguishable types of fibers.Superior rectus muscles were studied by light and electron microscopy, mapping the distribution of each fiber type with its distinctive features. A mixture of 4% paraformaldehyde and 4% glutaraldehyde was perfused through the carotid arteries of anesthetized adult cats and applied locally to exposed superior rectus muscles during the perfusion.

Review of Speech Analysis, Synthesis and Perception.

1966 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
Speech Analysis

Common and distinctive features of similarity: Effect of behavioral method

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno L. Giordano ◽  
Catherine Guastavino ◽  
Emma Murphy ◽  
Mattson Ogg ◽  
Bennett Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Behavioral Method ◽  
Similarity Effect

Web-Based Financial Reporting: An Interpretative Model for Corporate Communications on Social Media

2017 ◽  
pp. 79-112
Author(s):  
Paola Ramassa ◽  
Costanza Di Fabio
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Corporate Communications ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Financial Communication ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Interpretative Model

This paper aims at contributing to financial reporting literature by proposing a conceptual interpretative model to analyse the corporate use of social media for financial communication purposes. In this perspective, the FIRE model provides a framework to study social media shifting the focus on the distinctive features that might enhance web investor relations. The model highlights these features through four building blocks: (i) firm identity (F); (ii) information posting (I); (iii) reputation (R); and (iv) exchange and diffusion (E). They represent key aspects to explore corporate communication activities and might offer a framework to interpret to what degree corporate web financial reporting exploits the potential of social media. Accordingly, the paper proposes metrics based on this model aimed at capturing the interactivity of corporate communications via social media, with a particular focus on web financial reporting. It tries to show the potential of this model by illustrating an exploratory empirical analysis investigating to what extent companies use social media for financial reporting purposes and whether firms are taking advantage of Twitter distinctive features of interaction and diffusion.

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