Principles of Architectural History: The Four Phases of Architectural Style, 1420-1900. Paul Frankl , James F. O'Gorman

The Mudéjar phenomenon is unparalleled in the history of architecture. This style of architecture and ornamentation originated with Arab craftsmen living in reconquered medieval Spain. Embraced by Spanish Christians, Mudéjar traveled over the course of the next four centuries, becoming part of the architectural history of Latin America, especially present-day Mexico and Peru. The style’s transmission across different religions and cultures attests to its ability to unify disparate groups of people under a common visual language. How, then, did mudejar managto gain popularity across reconquered Spain, so much so that it spread to the New World colonies? In this article, I argue that art and architecture move more fluidly than ideologies across boundaries, physical and political. The theory of transculturation makes it possible to understand how an architectural style such as Mudéjar can be generated from a cultural clash and move to an entirely different context. Developed in 1947 by Cuban scholar and theorist Fernando Ortíz, transculturation posited means by which cultures mix to create something entirely new. This process is often violent, the result of intense conflict and persecution, and one culture is almost always defeated in the process. The contributions of both societies, however, coexist in the final product, whether technological, artistic, or even agricultural. I argue that mudejar in Latin America is a product of two separate transculturations: the adoption of Arab design and ornamentation by Spanish Christians, and the subsequent transference of these forms to the New World through the work of indigenous laborers.

Download Full-text

Architectural style spreads its wings: New Zealand Architecture in the 1880s

Architectural History Aotearoa ◽

10.26686/aha.v10i.7306 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Christine McCarthy

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Women Workers ◽

Architectural History ◽

Banking Crisis ◽

Building Design ◽

Property Market ◽

Architectural Style ◽

Economic Depression ◽

General Business ◽

Family Distress

The 1880s was a period in New Zealand of economic depression. It caused "unemployment, family distress, ragged children and exploited women workers, general business collapse, a crash in the property market, a ten-year banking crisis, bankruptcies and unstable ministries." But despite this Hodgson identifies this period in New Zealand's architectural history as one when: "Architectural style ... started to spread its wings and this period contains some fine examples of building design which was definitely out of the mainstream."

Download Full-text

Principles of Architectural History. The Four Phases of Architectural Style, 1420-1900

Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism ◽

10.2307/428826 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Paul Zucker ◽

Paul Frankl ◽

James F. O'Gorman

Keyword(s):

Architectural History ◽

Architectural Style

Download Full-text

A Study on the Colors of the New Tang Dynasty Architectural Style

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1786 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 438-439 ◽

pp. 1786-1790

Author(s):

Ting Ma ◽

Nong Wu ◽

Zhi Xiong Yang ◽

Yue Xi Ai

Keyword(s):

Tang Dynasty ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Architectural History ◽

Architectural Style ◽

Traditional Architecture ◽

Starting Point ◽

New Ideas ◽

Historic City ◽

The Relationship ◽

Direct Reflection

As the outerwear of a building, its color is one of the most significant features of a city. During thousands years of development the colors not only served for protection and decoration, but have been endowed with many intensions in the field of philosophy, politics, religion, culture and so on. Hence there has been formed a unique and integrated culture of colors. As many other cities, Xian is faced with the problem of maintaining its feature in the course of its development. On the basis of protecting the original style and features of the old town, delivering the profound cultural deposits, exploring the connection between traditional culture and modern architectural creation has become a common starting point for the architects in Xian. Based on the culture of Tang dynasty, the new Tang dynasty architecture is a bold attempt to shape a modern city and is also a direct reflection of the architects feeling about Chinese traditional architecture. In this paper, the writer studied the relationship between the colors of the new Tang dynasty architectural style and the creation of the modern Xian architecture from the point of architectural history and architectural design. Also, the paper explored its impact and inspiration on the modern architectural creation of Xian from the perspective of time feature. Moreover, it disclosed the value of the new Tang dynasty architectural style in a modern way and provided references, enlightenments and new ideas for the modern architectural creation in a historic city.

Download Full-text

LiDAR- and AR-Based Monitoring of Evolved Building Façades upon Zoning Conflicts

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20195628 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (19) ◽

pp. 5628

Author(s):

Naai-Jung Shih ◽

Yi Chen

Keyword(s):

Augmented Reality ◽

Field Study ◽

Construction Material ◽

Architectural History ◽

Direct Interaction ◽

3D Models ◽

Remote Site ◽

Architectural Style ◽

Cultural Sustainability ◽

Building Facades

Zoning conflicts have transformed Old Street fabrics in terms of architectural style and construction material in Lukang, Taiwan. This transformation should be assessed as a contribution to digital cultural sustainability. The objective of this study was to compare the evolved façades resultant from the changes made by the development of architectural history and urban planning. A combination of 3D scan technology and a smartphone augmented reality (AR) app, Augment®, was applied to the situated comparison with direct interaction on-site. The AR application compared 20 façades in the laboratory and 18 façades in four different sites using a flexible interface. The comparisons identified the correlation of evolved façades in real sites in terms of building volumes and components, pedestrian arcades on store fronts, and previous installations. The situated comparisons were facilitated in a field study with real-time adjustments to 3D models and analyses of correlations across details and components. The application of AR was demonstrated to be effective in reinstalling scenes and differentiating diversified compositions of vocabulary in a remote site.

Download Full-text

The Action of Christian Buildings on their Chinese Environment

Studies in World Christianity ◽

10.3366/swc.2017.0179 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 100-121

Author(s):

Michel Chambon

Keyword(s):

Network Theory ◽

Actor Network Theory ◽

Active Part ◽

Architectural Style ◽

Actor Network

This article explores the ways in which Christians are building churches in contemporary Nanping, China. At first glance, their architectural style appears simply neo-Gothic, but these buildings indeed enact a rich web of significances that acts upon local Christians and beyond. Building on Actor-Network Theory and exploring the multiple ties in which they are embedded, I argue that these buildings are agents acting in their own right, which take an active part in the process of making the presence of the Christian God tangible.

Download Full-text