Scientific Manpower in Europe. A Comparative Study of Scientific Manpower in the Public Service of Great Britain and Selected European Countries. Edward McCrensky

Isis ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-488
Author(s):  
Bernard Barber
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Public Service ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scientific Manpower

Legal regulation of sanitary affairs in Europe in the 19th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Svitlana Hotsuliak
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

Problem setting. Since ancient times, guardianship of the health of the population has become an obligatory part of the foundation of a powerful state. Later on, special bodies began to be created, whose powers at first were limited only to the monitoring of food supplies, but with the spread of epidemics their role increased and spread around the world. In the 19th century, cities began to grow rapidly and the number of inhabitants increased. States were faced with the challenge of ensuring healthy living conditions. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The scientific research on this issue is reflected in the works: Derjuzhinsky V.F., Busse R, Riesberg A., Lochowa L. V., Hamlin C., Shambara K., Norman G. Scientists have analysed the regulatory framework of individual countries in the medical context. Target of research. Identification of the essence and features of sanitary legislation (including international sanitary conventions, interstate agreements on sanitation and epidemiology) operating in the territory of European countries in the XIX century. Article’s main body. The legal and regulatory framework for sanitation includes a set of legal, technical and legal standards, the observance of which involves ensuring that an adequate level of public health is maintained. European countries in the nineteenth century devoted considerable attention to sanitation not only in domestic law, but also in the international arena. Health protection, sanitation and preventive measures are reflected in many legislative acts, for example, the “Medical Regulations” (Prussia, 1725), the “Law on Health Insurance during Diseases” (Germany, 1883) and, in Austria, the “Health Statute” (1770), the “Public Health Act” (Great Britain, 1848 and 1875) and the “Medical Act” (Great Britain, 1858) and the “Public Health Protection Act” (France, 1892). The legislative acts formulated the powers of sanitary authorities, and in the same period, works on the impact of ecology on human health and on the importance of a healthy lifestyle appeared. The State has a duty to protect citizens who have the sole property, their labour, but health is essential to work. Separately, it should be noted that in the middle of the XIX century elements of the international health system began to emerge in Europe. In particular, starting from 1851. At the initiative of France, a number of international conferences on sanitation were organized in Paris. Subsequently, such conferences were held in Constantinople (1866), Vienna (1874), USA (1881), Rome (1885), Dresden (1893). These conferences addressed various issues of sanitation and the fight against epidemic diseases. At the same time, the application of land and river quarantine in Europe was considered impossible by most delegates. Instead, the use of “sanitary inspection” and “observation posts” with medical personnel and the necessary means for timely isolation of patients and disinfection of ships was recommended Conclusions and prospects for the development. Thus, the forms of organization of national health systems in Europe in the 19th century were diverse. Each country created and developed its own unique systems, different ways of attracting financial resources for medical care and health preservation. Thanks to the development of the legislative framework, water supply, sewerage, working and living conditions, sanitation and hygiene have improved. International cooperation to combat epidemics has made a significant contribution to the development of effective and progressive legislation in the international arena, and has greatly influenced the creation of appropriate domestic legislation in Member States, developing more effective models to combat epidemic diseases.

I.—Eminent Living Geologists

1899 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Henry H. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
The Public ◽  
Geological Surveys ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Age Limit ◽  
Official Work

After a term of work extending over nearly half a century, Mr. Howell, the Director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, has retired from the public service. It is not often that a man who has only just reached the age-limit of 65 is able to look back on such a lengthened period of official work. No member of the Geological Survey has before attained such a record. Even Mr. Selwyn, whose portrait we gave in our February Number, had reached the age of 70 when he had nearly completed his fiftieth year of work on the Geological Surveys of Great Britain, Victoria, and Canada.

Dismissal, Expulsion, and Emigration of German-Speaking Economists after 1933

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Hagemann
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
National Socialists ◽  
German Universities

The dismissal of academicians from German universities under the Restoration of Civil Service Act (Gesetz zur Wiederherstellung des Berufsbeamtentums), promulgated by the National Socialists on April 7, 1933, and the expulsion of academicians from Germany, Austria, and other European countries interrupted or destroyed promising developments in economics, as well as in physics or other areas. According to this new “law,” which was passed by the Nazis in a short cut immediately after coming to power, “disagreeable” persons could be dislocated from the public service predominantly for racist (section 3) or political (section 4) reasons.

scholarly journals Schools of Government: a comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 15-33
Author(s):  
Pedro Paulo Teófilo Magalhães De Hollanda ◽  
Cláudia Henriqueta Conde Rosa ◽  
Samantha Albano Amorim Cardoso ◽  
Ciro Campos Christo Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
The Public ◽  
National School ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Government

The Schools of Government perform a central role to the public service of many countries. Despite being a disseminated and well-established phenomenon, the functions and even the concept of Schools of Government vary. Aiming to portray the functions and characteristics of Schools of Government around the world and offer a better understanding of them, this paper presents a comparative study of Schools of Government located across five continents. Based on purposive sampling, eight Schools of Government were selected to be part of this in depth study: École Nationale d'Administration, ENA – France; Canada School of Public Service, CSPS – Canada; Instituto Nacional de la Administración Pública, INAP – Argentina; Australia and New Zealand School of Government, ANZSOG – Australia and New Zealand; Civil Service College, CSC – Singapore; National School of Government, NSG – South Africa; Direcção Geral da Qualificação dos Trabalhadores em Funções Públicas, INA – Portugal; and Escuela Superior de Administración Pública, ESAP – Colombia. Data collection procedures included interviews and document analysis. Data was analyzed using content and comparative analysis. This study highlights some important dimensions of Schools of Government including the position within the government, funding, main activities, organizational structure and personnel. Other similarities (e.g. among  members of Commonwealth) and possible common trends and innovation challenges are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the results comparing them to previous studies findings.

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