The First Table of the Normal Probability Integral: Its Use by Kramp, Who Constructed It

Isis ◽  
1938 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mason Du Pré,
Keyword(s):  
Normal Probability ◽  
Probability Integral

scholarly journals THE FLICKER RESPONSE CONTOUR FOR PHRYNOSOMA (HORNED LIZARD; CONE RETINA)

1941 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Crozier ◽  
Ernst Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Level ◽  
Flash Intensity ◽  
Flicker Response ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
Probability Integral

The lizard Phrynosoma, with purely cone retina, provides a simplex flicker response contour (log critical flash intensity as a function of flash frequency). It is well described as a normal probability integral (F - log I). The Phrynosoma curve differs markedly, in higher slope and in higher median intensity level, from that obtained under the same conditions for the turtle Pseudemys, also with entirely cone retina. Other comparisons having a bearing on the duplexity doctrine are discussed.

scholarly journals THE SIMPLEX FLICKER THRESHOLD CONTOUR FOR THE ZEBRA FINCH

1941 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Crozier ◽  
Ernst Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Finch ◽  
Visual Theory ◽  
Time Ratio ◽  
Flicker Response ◽  
Dark Time ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
Probability Integral ◽  
Critical Intensity

The flicker response contour has been determined, with equality of light-dark time ratio, for the diurnal bird the Australian zebra finch. This bird has only cones in the retina. The curve of log critical intensity as a function of flash frequency is simplex, a normal probability integral. In this respect it is like that for other vertebrates not exhibiting visual duplexity. The parameters of the curve most closely approach those for the turtle Pseudemys (extrapolated to about the same temperature); it is not improbable that the approximation of these two curves would be less close for other values of the light-time fraction. Some points of interpretive visual theory are discussed in relation to the present measurements.

scholarly journals THEORY AND MEASUREMENT OF VISUAL MECHANISMS

1942 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Crozier ◽  
Ernst Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integral Form ◽  
Statistical Nature ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Flicker Response ◽  
Sensory Effects ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
Neural Integration ◽  
Probability Integral ◽  
Cone Curve

Flicker response curves (man) obtained with images formed entirely within the fovea are like those secured with lower animals having only one general class of retinal receptors. They are normal probability integrals (F vs. log Im), and the properties of their parameters agree with those for visually simplex animals and for the "cone" portions of contours exhibiting visual duplexity. By several different procedures, involving experimental modifications of the "cone" curve, the "rod" part of the typical human duplex curve can be obtained free from overlapping by the extrapolated "cone" curve. It then has the probability integral form which the lower segment does not directly exhibit when combined with "cone" effects. These results are discussed with reference to the statistical nature of the fundamental form of the flicker contour and to the interpretation of duplex curves produced by the neural integration of two independently modifiable groups of sensory effects.

scholarly journals Tables of the Normal Probability Integral.

Biometrika ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 47 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
D. T. Monk ◽  
D. B. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Normal Probability ◽  
Probability Integral

scholarly journals Tables of the Normal Probability Integral

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
S. B. Littauer ◽  
D. B. Owen ◽  
D. T. Monk
Keyword(s):  
Normal Probability ◽  
Probability Integral
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