Dynamic Thermal Balance in the Leaf‐Eared Mouse: The Interplay among Ambient Temperature, Body Size, and Behavior

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego M. Bustamante ◽  
Roberto F. Nespolo ◽  
Enrico L. Rezende ◽  
Francisco Bozinovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Thermal Balance ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Insect body size changes under future warming projections: a case study of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera)

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rungtip Wonglersak ◽  
Phillip B. Fenberg ◽  
Peter G. Langdon ◽  
Stephen J. Brooks ◽  
Benjamin W. Price
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments ◽  
Future Warming ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Emergence Date ◽  
Average Body

AbstractChironomids are a useful group for investigating body size responses to warming due to their high local abundance and sensitivity to environmental change. We collected specimens of six species of chironomids every 2 weeks over a 2-year period (2017–2018) from mesocosm experiments using five ponds at ambient temperature and five ponds at 4°C higher than ambient temperature. We investigated (1) wing length responses to temperature within species and between sexes using a regression analysis, (2) interspecific body size responses to test whether the body size of species influences sensitivity to warming, and (3) the correlation between emergence date and wing length. We found a significantly shorter wing length with increasing temperature in both sexes of Procladius crassinervis and Tanytarsus nemorosus, in males of Polypedilum sordens, but no significant relationship in the other three species studied. The average body size of a species affects the magnitude of the temperature-size responses in both sexes, with larger species shrinking disproportionately more with increasing temperature. There was a significant decline in wing length with emergence date across most species studied (excluding Polypedilum nubeculosum and P. sordens), indicating that individuals emerging later in the season tend to be smaller.

scholarly journals Emergence ecology of the critically endangered Urothemis edwardsii in a new colonized site in El Kala National Park (Algeria): conservation implications

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Baaloudj Affef
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microhabitat Selection ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Dragonfly Species

Urothemis edwardsii is one of the most threatened dragonfly species in the Mediterranean. Recent investigations and conservation efforts have increased the local geographic distribution of the species in Northeast Algeria, where a new population (named El Graeate) has been discovered. In the absence of information about the biology and behavior of U. edwardsii in this new site, a study was conducted on the emergence ecology of the species taking into account the temporal pattern of emergence, sex ratio, body size and microhabitat selection. Emergence, which was quite asynchronous, lasted for 50 days, with 50% of the population emerging within the first half of the period. Sex ratio at emergence was slightly female biased despite the absence of sexual size dimorphism, suggesting that size is not the only driving force behind mortality bias during the larval stage. There was a slight seasonal increase in the body size of exuviae (exoskeletons) in both sexes. Microhabitat selection, assessed as the vertical stratification of exuviae at ecdysis, was positively correlated with the height of supporting plants, but the relationship reached a plateau suggesting that there are predetermined limits to the vertical distribution of exuviae. These data will be essential for the future species protection, restoration and management attempts in the region.

Abstract P119: High Stress Reasons for Immigration Affect Diabetes Risk, Body Size and Behavior: The Africans in America Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M Briker ◽  
J Damascene Kabakambira ◽  
Rafeal L Baker ◽  
Christopher W DuBose ◽  
Lilian S Mabundo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
High Stress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Subsaharan Africa ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Introduction: Leaving Africa to live in the United States is stressful. Due to oversecretion of glucocortoids and catecholamines, stress has biologic consequences. No data exists on whether Africans who come to America for reasons associated with high stress have a higher rate of conditions such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension than Africans who come for low stress reasons. Goals: Working with the Africans in America cohort and using allostatic load score (ALS) to measure biologic stress, our objectives were to (a) rank by ALS the 5 most common reasons for immigration (work, study, asylum/refugee, family unification and lottery); (b) divide the cohort in to 2 groups: high stress (combining the individuals with the 3 reasons with the highest ALS) and low stress (combining the individuals with the lowest ALS); (c) compare body size, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), glucose, BP, sleep duration and smoking in Africans with high and low stress. Methods: OGTT and abdominal CT scans were performed in 114 African immigrants (68% male, age 41±10, range22-62y) born in subSaharan Africa but living in Washington, DC. Results: Ranked from highest to lowest, ALS for each reason for immigration was: work 3.18±1.71; asylum/refugee 2.68±1.46; study 2.66±1.88; family 1.77±1.27; lottery 1.60±1.27. Hence, high stress reasons for immigration were: work, asylum/refugee and study. Low stress reasons were: family and lottery. ALS in high vs. low stress reasons for immigration were: 2.81±1.74 vs. 1.72±1.25, P<0.01. BP did not vary by group. However, Africans with high stress had a higher BMI, more VAT and hyperglycemia than Africans with low stress (Table). Africans with high stress also had a greater tendency to sleep <7h per night and smoke (Table). Conclusions: High stress reasons for immigration include work, asylum/refugee and study. As obesity, hyperglycemia, and behaviors such as decreased sleep duration and smoking are associated with high stress reasons for immigration, medical histories when possible should include reason for immigration.

Tracking proficiency as a function of thermal balance

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Thermal Balance ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Performance Decrement ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Extensive Training ◽  
Body Heat

An experiment was conducted for the purpose of learning a) whether or not performance decrement in monitoring and controlling a complex visual display is related to body heat loss and b) whether or not such an impairment can be forestalled by glycine administration. Following extensive training on the experimental task, 72 subjects were independently and randomly assigned to the 9 combinations of 3 ambient temperature conditions (70°, 55° and 40℉) and 3 glycine treatments (0, 20 and 40 gm), then required to execute a performance sequence lasting 3 hours and 20 minutes. Statistical analyses established that the mathematical function relating performance to temperature was a parabola having a maximum near 55°. No significant glycine effects were observed. Submitted on September 25, 1958

Effects of ambient temperature, age and wind speed on the thermal balance of layer‐strain fowls

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tzschentke ◽  
M. Nichelmann ◽  
T. Postel
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Thermal Balance

Biophysics and Physiology of Temperature Regulation in Thermogenic Flowers

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger S. Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Thermal Balance ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Large Drop

The flowers or inflorescences of certain primitive seed plants are able to regulate their temperature during blooming by modulating the rate of heat production to remain much warmer than the surroundings. A large drop in ambient temperature causes a smaller drop in flower temperature which causes an increase in the rate of heat production by futile involvement of the cytochrome and alternative oxidase respiratory pathways. The result is that the rate of heat production is inversely related to ambient temperature and flower temperature remains high and relatively independent of ambient temperature. While the biophysics of thermal balance in the whole flowers is better understood, the regulation of the biochemical heat-generating pathways is not known.

scholarly journals Aggression Type Influences Perceptions of a Woman’s Body Size, Personality, and Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 147470492091793
Author(s):  
Jaime L. Palmer-Hague
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Mate Value ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
And Behavior

Although women engage in both physical and nonphysical aggression, little is known about how aggression type influences perceptions of their morphology, personality, and social behavior. Evolutionary theory predicts that women avoid physical aggression due to risk of injury, which could compromise reproductive success. Engaging in physical aggression might therefore decrease women’s perceived mate value. However, physical aggression could be advantageous for some women, such as those who are larger in size and less vulnerable to injury. This presents the possibility that physically aggressive women might be perceived as larger and not necessarily lower in mate value. These hypotheses have not been tested. Across three studies, I used narratives to test the effect of aggression type (physical, verbal, indirect, nonaggressive) on perceptions of women’s height, weight, masculinity, attractiveness, and social status. In Studies 1 and 2, participants perceived a physically aggressive woman to be both larger and more masculine than nonphysically aggressive women. In Study 3, participants perceived both a physically aggressive woman and a nonaggressive woman to be larger than an indirectly aggressive woman; the effect of aggression type on perceptions of a hypothetical man’s height was not significant. I also found some evidence that aggression type influenced perceptions of attractiveness and social status, but these were small and inconsistent effects that warrant further study. Taken together, the results suggest that physical and indirect aggressive behavior may be associated with certain morphological and behavioral profiles in women.

Thermal homeostasis in rats after intrahypothalamic injections of 6-hyroxydopamine

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 932-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Van Zoeren ◽  
EM Stricker
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Thermal Balance ◽  
Local Injection ◽  
Noradrenergic Neurons ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Hypothalamic Region ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Noradrenergic Fibers ◽  
Effector Mechanisms

Specific destruction of at least 90% of the noradrenergic neurons in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic region (PO/AH) by local injection of 9-hyroxydopamine (6-HDA) did not disrupt thermoregulation by rats either in the heat or the cold. Examination of the multiple effector mechanisms suggested that thermal balance was maintained in a normal fashion, and that compensatory adjustments did not conceal individual dysfunctions. In contrast with the ineffectual 6-HDA lesions of the PO/AH were the outstanding impairments seen in rats following electrolytic lesions of this area. All the latter animals became severely hyperthermic during the 1st h of exposure to an ambient temperature of 40 degrees C, and half of them were additionally unable to maintain body temperatures when exposed to an ambient temperature of 6 degrees C. The electrolytic lesions reduced norepinephrine levels in the PO/AH, but the 50-70% depletions were substantially smaller than those found in 6-HDA-treated rats. These results raise new doubts about whether central noradrenergic fibers have an important role in the regulation of body temperature by rats.

Investigating the role of body size, ecology, and behavior in anuran eye size evolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Hua Huang ◽  
Mao Jun Zhong ◽  
Wen Bo Liao ◽  
Alexander Kotrschal
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Eye Size ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
And Behavior
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