scholarly journals Association of Virus Load, CD4 Cell Count, and Treatment with Clinical Progression in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients with Very Low CD4 Cell Counts

2002 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Miller ◽  
Andrew N. Phillips ◽  
Bonaventura Clotet ◽  
Amanda Mocroft ◽  
Bruno Ledergerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Clinical Progression ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals Frequency of Cytomegalovirus Viral Load in Iranian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Patients with CD4+ Counts <100 Cells/mm3

Intervirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jabbari ◽  
Hoorieh Soleimanjahi ◽  
Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi ◽  
Mohammad Gholami ◽  
Leila Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of present work was to assess cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients with a CD4+ count &#x3c;100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> and to explore whether CMV DNA loads correlate with CD4+ cell counts or associated retinitis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study was conducted at the AIDS research center in Iran on HIV-1-infected patients with CD4+ count &#x3c;100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>, antiretroviral therapy-naive, aged ≥18 years with no previous history of CMV end-organ disease (CMV-EOD). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-nine of 82 patients (47.56%) had detectable CMV viral load ranging from 66 to 485,500 IU/mL. CMV viral load in patients with retinitis ranges from 352 to 2,720 IU/mL, and it was undetectable in 2 patients. No significant associations between CMV viremia and CD4+ cell count was found (<i>p</i> value = 0.31), whereas significant association of CMV viremia in HIV-infected patients with retinitis was found (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.02). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We estimated the frequency of CMV viral load infection in Iranian HIV-1-infected patients with a CD4+ cell count &#x3c;100 mm<sup>3</sup>/mL in the largest national referral center for HIV-1 infection in Iran. Further research is required on the relevance of CMV viral load in diagnostic and prognostic value of CMV-EOD.

scholarly journals Plasma Profiles of Inflammatory Markers Associated With Active Tuberculosis in Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Olsson ◽  
Per Björkman ◽  
Marianne Jansson ◽  
Taye Tolera Balcha ◽  
Daba Mulleta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Rna Levels

Abstract Background Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-coinfected individuals is challenging. We hypothesized that combinations of inflammatory markers could facilitate identification of active TB in HIV-positive individuals. Methods Participants were HIV-positive, treatment-naive adults systematically investigated for TB at Ethiopian health centers. Plasma samples from 130 subjects with TB (HIV+/TB+) and 130 subjects without TB (HIV+/TB−) were tested for concentration of the following markers: CCL5, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL12-p70, IL-18, IL-27, interferon-γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10), procalcitonin (PCT), and soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR). Analyzed markers were then assessed, either individually or in combination, with regard to infection status, CD4 cell count, and HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels. Results The HIV+/TB+ subjects had higher levels of all markers, except IL12p70, compared with HIV+/TB− subjects. The CRP showed the best performance for TB identification (median 27.9 vs 1.8 mg/L for HIV+/TB+ and HIV+/TB−, respectively; area under the curve [AUC]: 0.80). Performance was increased when CRP was combined with suPAR analysis (AUC, 0.83 [0.93 for subjects with CD4 cell count &lt;200 cells/mm3]). Irrespective of TB status, IP-10 concentrations correlated with HIV RNA levels, and both IP-10 and IL-18 were inversely correlated to CD4 cell counts. Conclusions Although CRP showed the best single marker discriminatory potential, combining CRP and suPAR analyses increased performance for TB identification.

scholarly journals Neutralizing Antibodies against Autologous Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates in Patients with Increasing CD4 Cell Counts despite Incomplete Virus Suppression during Antiretroviral Treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 822-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Sarmati ◽  
Gabriella d'Ettorre ◽  
Emanuele Nicastri ◽  
Lucia Ercoli ◽  
Ilaria Uccella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell

ABSTRACT Antiretroviral-treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-seropositive individuals can remain clinically stable for a long period of time with an increasing CD4 cell count irrespective of incomplete viral suppression. We evaluated the role of neutralizing antibody (NtAb) activity in the etiopathogenesis of this viro-immunological disconnection (defined as an increasing CD4+-cell count despite a persistent, detectable viral load during antiretroviral therapy) in 33 patients failing therapy with two analogue nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. An HIV NtAb titer of ≥1:25 was detected in specimens from 16 out of 33 (48%) patients. A significant correlation was found between NtAb titers and CD4+-cell counts (P = 0.001;r = 0.546) but not with HIV RNA levels in plasma. Five patients with a viro-immunological disconnection had an NtAb titer of >1:125, statistically higher than the NtAb titers for the remaining 28 patients with both virologic and immunologic failure (P < 0.0001). The HIV-specific humoral immune response could play a role during antiretroviral treatment to improve immunological function despite an incomplete suppression of viral load.

scholarly journals The correlation of tuberculosis smear results and immuno-suppression with CD4+ counts as a surrogate marker among HIV infected patients.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Kamvuma ◽  
Yusuf ademola ◽  
Warren Chanda ◽  
Christopher Newton Phiri ◽  
Sam Bezza Phiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and M.tuberculosis are two intracellular pathogens that interact at the cellular, clinical and population levels. Since the recognition of AIDS in 1981, the number of reported cases of TB in the has increased substantially, especially in regions with high incidence of AIDS. The main aim of this study was to establish weather there is a relationship between sputum smear positives and low CD4 cell counts among HIV infected patients.Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study involving 473 participants. The patients recruited in this study were those who tested HIV positive and smear positive for TB. Their HIV status was determined by performing an HIV blood test, if they were HIV positive their CD4 cell count were then made.Results: This study examined the relation between smear positivity and low CD4 (below 200cells/µl) together with CD8 and CD3 markers as a measure of immune function among patients infected with HIV. The study participants’ constituted males 67% and females 33%. The overall mean age was 33.2 (SD 6.9) with the youngest and oldest participants being 18 and 60 respectively. It was found that smear positive results negatively (r=-0.13; p=0.021) correlated with CD4+ below 200 cells/µl. No correlation was observed between smear positives and CD8+ or CD3+ since the calculated correlation coefficient was not significant 0.007 (p=0.9) and 0.03 (p=0.6) respectively. There are more 3+ smear results below 200 cells/µl than the others while above 200 cells/µl 1+ was the most commonly reported smear result. The scanty smear positives were the least commonly reported result in the low and high CD4 counts. Conclusion: The smear positive result negatively correlated with a low CD4+ (r=-0.13; p=0.021) but no correlation with low CD+8 and CD+3 results was observed. The long held theory that low bacillary counts in patients with low CD4+ counts needs to be revisited. The reduction of CD4+ cell count parallels' that of the total lymphocyte count and is more marked in patients with high bacillary counts. Further, studies are required to confirm these findings

scholarly journals Early Postseroconversion CD4 Cell Counts Independently Predict CD4 Cell Count Recovery in HIV-1–Postive Subjects Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant Kulkarni ◽  
Jason F Okulicz ◽  
Greg Grandits ◽  
Nancy F Crum-Cianflone ◽  
Michael L Landrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Count Recovery

scholarly journals Safety, tolerance, and efficacy of atevirdine in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2664-2668 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Been-Tiktak ◽  
I Williams ◽  
H M Vrehen ◽  
J Richens ◽  
D Aldam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Atevirdine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In this study we investigated the effect of atevirdine in asymptomatic antiretroviral naive HIV-infected patients with CD4+ cell counts of between 200 and 750 cells per mm3. Patients were randomized to receive 600 mg of atevirdine (n = 15) or a placebo (n = 15) three times a day for 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant effect of atevirdine on viral loads (HIV p24 antigen and HIV-1 RNA levels by PCR) or CD4+ cell counts. The data do not support the use of atevirdine as a monotherapy in the treatment of HIV-infected patients.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C treatment uptake and response among human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients in a large integrated healthcare system

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer O Lam ◽  
Leo B Hurley ◽  
Scott Chamberland ◽  
Jamila H Champsi ◽  
Laura C Gittleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Hcv Treatment ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Treatment Uptake ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell

U.S. guidelines recommend that patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) be prioritized for HCV treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), but the high cost of DAAs may contribute to disparities in treatment uptake and outcomes. We evaluated DAA initiation and effectiveness in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in a U.S.-based healthcare system during October 2014–December 2017. Of 462 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, 276 initiated DAAs (70% cumulative proportion treated over three years). Lower likelihood of DAA initiation was observed among patients with Medicare (government-sponsored insurance) versus commercial insurance (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.46–0.84), patients with drug abuse diagnoses (aRR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54–0.97), patients with CD4 cell count <200 cells/µl versus ≥500 (aRR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.23–0.91), and patients without prior HCV treatment (aRR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.48–0.97). There were no significant differences in DAA initiation by age, gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, HIV transmission risk, alcohol use, smoking, fibrosis level, HIV RNA levels, antiretroviral therapy use, hepatitis B infection, or number of outpatient visits. Ninety-five percent of patients achieved sustained virologic response (SVR). We found little evidence of sociodemographic disparities in DAA initiation among HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, and SVR rates were high. Efforts are needed to increase DAA uptake among coinfected Medicare enrollees, patients with drug abuse diagnoses, patients with low CD4 cell count, and patients receiving first-time HCV treatment.

scholarly journals Acyclovir Use and Survival Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Infected Patients with CD4 Cell Counts of < 500/mm

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón A. Torres ◽  
James D. Neaton ◽  
Deborah N. Wentworth ◽  
Michael R. Barr ◽  
Donald Abrams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell
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