Environmental Sex Determination in the Genus Equisetum: Sugars Induce Male Sex Expression in Cultured Gametophytes

2002 ◽  
Vol 163 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean‐Michel Guillon ◽  
Christian Raquin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Environmental Sex Determination ◽  
Male Sex

scholarly journals Metabolism and Sex Differentiation in Animals from a Starvation Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yuta Sakae ◽  
Minoru Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Environmental Sex Determination ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Signal Transducers ◽  
Male Sex

Animals determine their sex genetically (GSD: genetic sex determination) and/or environmentally (ESD: environmental sex determination). Medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) employ a XX/XY GSD system, however, they display female-to-male sex reversal in response to various environmental changes such as temperature, hypoxia, and green light. Interestingly, we found that 5 days of starvation during sex differentiation caused female-to-male sex reversal. In this situation, the metabolism of pantothenate and fatty acid synthesis plays an important role in sex reversal. Metabolism is associated with other biological factors such as germ cells, HPG axis, lipids, and epigenetics, and supplys substances and acts as signal transducers. In this review, we discuss the importance of metabolism during sex differentiation and how metabolism contributes to sex differentiation.

A supernumerary “B-sex” chromosome drives male sex determination in the Pachón cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boudjema Imarazene ◽  
Kang Du ◽  
Séverine Beille ◽  
Elodie Jouanno ◽  
Romain Feron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Astyanax Mexicanus ◽  
Male Sex

Environmental Sex Determination Mechanisms in Reptiles

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Merchant-Larios ◽  
V. Díaz-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Environmental Sex Determination ◽  
Sex Determination Mechanisms

scholarly journals Sex determination and gene expression in Daphnia magna exposed to juvenile hormone

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Wuerz ◽  
Steve Whyard ◽  
Nancy L Loadman ◽  
Murray D Wiegand ◽  
Judith D Huebner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Abstract Daphnia spp. cycle between asexual and sexual reproduction depending on environmental conditions. Under favorable conditions, female offspring are produced, resulting in rapid population expansion; in less favorable conditions, males are produced, initiating the sexual portion of their lifestyle. Although mediated by environmental cues, sex determination is ultimately dependent on the expression of Doublesex genes, Dsx1 and Dsx2, in Daphnia. We exposed Daphnia magna to juvenile hormone III (JHIII), an insect hormone often mimicked by agricultural insecticides. Juvenile hormone (JH) and JH analogues disrupt the insect endocrine system, inhibiting reproduction; these chemicals pose an environmental threat to non-target organisms by leaching into surrounding waters. When Daphnia are exposed to JH or JH analogues, it causes a premature shift from asexual to sexual reproduction. We showed that Dsx1 is upregulated throughout vitellogenesis in female D. magna producing male offspring and Dsx2 is upregulated during late vitellogenesis, suggesting that both Dsx1 and Dsx2 contribute to male sex determination. In addition, Dsx2 expression increases during sexual maturation in male D. magna, suggesting that it also plays a role in spermatogenesis. In addition, exposure to JHIII decreased reproductive output, slowed growth and prematurely shifted D. magna reproductive strategy to the sexual portion of their lifecycle.

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