Effect of Productive In Vitro Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Telomerase Activity in Lymphoid and Nonlymphoid Cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 185 (7) ◽  
pp. 999-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Bostik ◽  
Geraldine L. Dodd ◽  
Snehal S. Patel ◽  
Hajar Kadivar ◽  
Aftab A. Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Use of a Small Molecule CCR5 Inhibitor in Macaques to Treat Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection or Prevent Simian–Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2003 ◽  
Vol 198 (10) ◽  
pp. 1551-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Veazey ◽  
Per Johan Klasse ◽  
Thomas J. Ketas ◽  
Jacqueline D. Reeves ◽  
Michael Piatak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cc Chemokine Receptor 5 ◽  
Hiv 1

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) fuses with cells after sequential interactions between its envelope glycoproteins, CD4 and a coreceptor, usually CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) or CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4). CMPD 167 is a CCR5-specific small molecule with potent antiviral activity in vitro. We show that CMPD 167 caused a rapid and substantial (4–200-fold) decrease in plasma viremia in six rhesus macaques chronically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains SIVmac251 or SIVB670, but not in an animal infected with the X4 simian–human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), SHIV-89.6P. In three of the SIV-infected animals, viremia reduction was sustained. In one, there was a rapid, but partial, rebound and in another, there was a rapid and complete rebound. There was a substantial delay (>21 d) between the end of therapy and the onset of full viremia rebound in two animals. We also evaluated whether vaginal administration of gel-formulated CMPD 167 could prevent vaginal transmission of the R5 virus, SHIV-162P4. Complete protection occurred in only 2 of 11 animals, but early viral replication was significantly less in the 11 CMPD 167-recipients than in 9 controls receiving carrier gel. These findings support the development of small molecule CCR5 inhibitors as antiviral therapies, and possibly as components of a topical microbicide to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmission.

scholarly journals Induction of CD8+ Cells Able To Suppress CCR5-Tropic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Replication by Controlled Infection of CXCR4-Tropic Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Vaccinated Rhesus Macaques

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (21) ◽  
pp. 11640-11649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Tsukamoto ◽  
Mitsuhiro Yuasa ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Miki Kawada ◽  
Akiko Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT Recent recombinant viral vector-based AIDS vaccine trials inducing cellular immune responses have shown control of CXCR4-tropic simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) replication but difficulty in containment of pathogenic CCR5-tropic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in rhesus macaques. In contrast, controlled infection of live attenuated SIV/SHIV can confer the ability to contain SIV superchallenge in macaques. The specific immune responses responsible for this control may be induced by live virus infection but not consistently by viral vector vaccination, although those responses have not been determined. Here, we have examined in vitro anti-SIV efficacy of CD8+ cells in rhesus macaques that showed prophylactic viral vector vaccine-based control of CXCR4-tropic SHIV89.6PD replication. Analysis of the effect of CD8+ cells obtained at several time points from these macaques on CCR5-tropic SIVmac239 replication in vitro revealed that CD8+ cells in the chronic phase after SHIV challenge suppressed SIV replication more efficiently than those before challenge. SIVmac239 superchallenge of two of these macaques at 3 or 4 years post-SHIV challenge was contained, and the following anti-CD8 antibody administration resulted in transient CD8+ T-cell depletion and appearance of plasma SIVmac239 viremia in both of them. Our results indicate that CD8+ cells acquired the ability to efficiently suppress SIV replication by controlled SHIV infection, suggesting the contribution of CD8+ cell responses induced by controlled live virus infection to containment of HIV/SIV superinfection.

Interstitial pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection

1992 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Baskerville ◽  
A. D. Ramsay ◽  
B. J. Addis ◽  
M. J. Dennis ◽  
R. W. Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus
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