scholarly journals Equal Plasma Viral Loads Predict a Similar Rate of CD4+T Cell Decline in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1– and HIV‐2–Infected Individuals from Senegal, West Africa

2002 ◽  
Vol 185 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey S. Gottlieb ◽  
Papa Salif Sow ◽  
Stephen E. Hawes ◽  
Ibra Ndoye ◽  
Mary Redman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cell Decline ◽  
Hiv Type 1

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses during Primary Infection Are Major Determinants of the Viral Set Point and Loss of CD4+ T Cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (15) ◽  
pp. 7641-7648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Streeck ◽  
Jonathan S. Jolin ◽  
Ying Qi ◽  
Bader Yassine-Diab ◽  
Randall C. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cell Decline ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Ctl Responses

ABSTRACT Primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) is marked by a flu-like syndrome and high levels of viremia that decrease to a viral set point with the first emergence of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Here, we investigated in a large cohort of 527 subjects the immunodominance pattern of the first virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses developed during PHI in comparison to CTL responses in chronic infection and demonstrated a distinct relationship between the early virus-specific CTL responses and the viral set point, as well as the slope of CD4+ T-cell decline. CTL responses during PHI followed clear hierarchical immunodominance patterns that were lost during the transition to chronic infection. Importantly, the immunodominance patterns of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CTL responses detected in primary, but not in chronic, HIV-1 infection were significantly associated with the subsequent set point of viral replication. Moreover, the preservation of the initial CD8+ T-cell immunodominance patterns from the acute into the chronic phase of infection was significantly associated with slower CD4+ T-cell decline. Taken together, these data show that the specificity of the initial CTL response to HIV is critical for the subsequent control of viremia and have important implications for the rational selection of antigens for future HIV-1 vaccines.

scholarly journals Entry and Transcription as Key Determinants of Differences in CD4 T-Cell Permissiveness to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (19) ◽  
pp. 10747-10754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Ciuffi ◽  
Gabriela Bleiber ◽  
Miguel Muñoz ◽  
Raquel Martinez ◽  
Corinne Loeuillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Isolated primary human cells from different donors vary in their permissiveness—the ability of cells to be infected and sustain the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We used replicating HIV-1 and single-cycle lentivirus vectors in a population approach to identify polymorphic steps during viral replication. We found that phytohemagglutinin-stimulated CD4+ CD45RO+ CD57− T cells from healthy blood donors (n = 128) exhibited a 5.2-log-unit range in virus production. For 20 selected donors representing the spectrum of CD4 T-cell permissiveness, we could attribute up to 42% of the total variance in virus production to entry factors and 48% to postentry steps. Efficacy at key intracellular steps of the replicative cycle (reverse transcription, integration, transcription and splicing, translation, and budding and release) varied from 0.71 to 1.45 log units among donors. However, interindividual differences in transcription efficiency alone accounted for 64 to 83% of the total variance in virus production that was attributable to postentry factors. While vesicular stomatitis virus G protein-mediated fusion was more efficacious than CCR5/CD4 entry, the latter resulted in greater transcriptional activity per proviral copy. The phenotype of provirus transcription was stable over time, indicating that it represents a genetic trait.

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