Effects of Seed Number per Fruit on Seed Dispersal in Cassia fasciculata (Caesalpiniaceae)

Thomas D. Lee

doi:10.1086/337437

FRUGIVORIA E DISPERSÃO DE SEMENTES POR PEIXES

Scientific Magazine UAKARI ◽

10.31420/uakari.v1i1.2 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 7-18

Author(s):

Luciane Lopes de Souza

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Seed Dispersal ◽

Tropical Forests ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Main Species ◽

Fishing Gears ◽

Solimões River

Biotic or abiotic processes of seed dispersal are important for the maintenance of the diversity, and for the natural regeneration in tropical forests. Ichthyochory is one of the fundamental mechanisms for seed dispersal in flooded environments, as the igapó forests. A study on the ichthyochory of the igapós was conducted at Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve, in the middle Solimões river, from June 2002 to September 2004. Monthly samples of frugivorous fish were taken, with the main fishing gears used locally. Guts of 1,688 fish caught were examined. The main species were Myloplus rubripinnis (29.21%), Hemiodus immaculatus (18.96%),Colossoma macropom um (16.23%) and Mylossoma duriventre (16.05%). The diet was made of vegetables (fruits, leave and flowers), and animals (arthropods). 53.02% of all fish caught ingested fruits. The total number of intact seeds in the stomachs and intestines were 8,069 and 5,763 respectively. About 61.9% of the Brycon melanopterus (matrinchão), 46.34% of the Brycon amazonicus (mamuri) and 30.22% of M . rubripinnis (parum ) analysed had intact seeds in their guts. Seeds of Nectandra amazonum and Genipa spruceana ingested proved to be more viable than those non-ingested by fish. The high rates of frugivory, the presence of intact seeds in the guts of fish and the greater viability of ingested seeds all suggest that these animals are important seed dispersors in the igapó forests of Amanã Reserve.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Rapid evolution of seed dispersal in an urban environment in the weed Crepis sancta.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1103685.559787 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

James Cronin

Keyword(s):

Seed Dispersal ◽

Urban Environment ◽

Rapid Evolution ◽

Crepis Sancta

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Interaction Between CPPU and NAA on Fruit Thinning and Fruit Development in Selected Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.513c ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 513c-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martin J. Bukovac ◽

Jerome Hull ◽

John C. Neilsen ◽

Michael Schroeder ◽

Georg Noga

Keyword(s):

Total Yield ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Frost Damage ◽

Fruit Growth ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Seed Number ◽

Crop Load ◽

Fruit Thinning ◽

Carpel Development ◽

Return Bloom

NAA is used extensively for fruit thinning of apples to increase fruit size and to promote return bloom. In some cultivars, even if thinning is achieved, fruit size at harvest may be less than expected based on crop load. CPPU, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N.-phenylurea, has been shown to increase fruit growth in apples, grapes, and kiwi. We evaluated combinations of NAA and CPPU on thinning, fruit growth and return bloom in Redchief `Delicious', `Elstar', and `Gloster'. CPPU was applied at 5 mgμL–1 (based on 0 to 10 mgμL–1 response curve) in combination with 15 mgμL–1 NAA as high-volume sprays at 7 to 10 mm KFD. Yield and fruit size distribution (on total yield) were used as index of response. In `Delicious', CPPU (3-year study) increased % large (70 mm+) fruit, but in the presence of NAA % large fruit was reduced 2 of the 3 years. CPPU did not induce significant thinning. There were no significant effects on color or soluble solids; firmness was increased slightly and seed number reduced. The L/D ratio was increased and uneven lobe and carpel development was common. CPPU had no significant effect on return bloom in presence or absence of NAA, but NAA increased bloom in both the presence and absence of CPPU. With `Elstar' (2-year study) there was no significant thinning with either chemical, but CPPU increased mean fruit size and % large (70–80 mm) fruit over nonthinned, but not significantly greater than NAA alone. There were no significant differences in firmness, color, soluble solids or seed number. NAA + CPPU did not inhibit fruit growth or cause excessive uneven carpel development. Frost damage reduced crop load in `Gloster' where results were similar to `Elstar' except seed number was reduced by the NAA + CPPU combination.

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