Organ Regeneration in Sterile Culture After Median Bisection of the Flower Primordia of Nicotiana tabacum

1971 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Hicks ◽  
I. M. Sussex
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Organ Regeneration

scholarly journals Temporal Distinction between Male and Female Floral Organ Development in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi (Solanaceae)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Hongli Chang ◽  
Fengjie Sun
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Tetrad Stage ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Carpel Development ◽  
Solid Foundation

Early floral developmental investigations provide crucial evidence for phylogenetic and molecular studies of plants. The developmental and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the variations in floral organs are critical for a thorough understanding of the diversification of flowers. Ontogenetic comparisons between anthers and pistil within single flowers were characterized over time in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi. The ages of 42 tobacco flower or flower primordia were estimated using corolla growth analysis. Results showed that the protodermal layer in carpel primordia contributes to carpel development by both anticlinal and periclinal divisions. Periclinal divisions in the hypodermal layer of the placenta were observed around 4.8 ± 1.3 days after the formation of early carpel primordia (ECP) and ovule initiation occurred 10.0 ± 0.5 days after ECP. Meiosis in anthers and ovules began about 8.9 ± 1.1 days and 14.4 ± 1.3 days after ECP, respectively. Results showed an evident temporal distinction between megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis. Flower ages spanned a 17-day interval, starting with flower primordia containing the ECP and anther primordia to the tetrad stage of meiosis in megasporocytes and the bicellular stage in pollen grains. These results establish a solid foundation for future studies in order to identify the developmental and molecular mechanisms responsible for the mating system in tobacco.

Development in vitro of excised flower primordia of Nicotiana tabacum

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Hicks ◽  
I. M. Sussex
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Flower Morphogenesis ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Development In Vitro ◽  
Normal Flower

Young flower primordia of Nicotiana tabacum 'Wisconsin 38' have been successfully cultured on a nutrient medium supplemented with kinetin. The petal, stamen, and carpel primordia form in the normal acropetal sequence during the first week on excised floral apices which initially bore only sepal primordia. Relatively normal morphogenesis of the organs ensues, and on optimal concentrations of kinetin, pedicel length, calyx length and width, corolla width, and ovary length and width after 4 weeks were comparable to those in the normal flower at anthesis. The corolla, filaments, and style were always much shorter than normal. Large quantities of pollen were produced on low kinetin concentrations and normal embryo sacs formed in the numerous ovules. When kinetin was omitted from the medium, similar explants initiated all the organ primordia, but these subsequently remained minute through 4 weeks of culture. The data indicate that organ initiation is independent of exogenously supplied hormones, but that the later phases of bud growth have a marked requirement for kinetin. It is suggested that the sepals or petals may provide some stimulus for the initiation of meiosis in the anthers and ovules. In that flower morphogenesis in culture is independent of specific regulation from the rest of the plant, bud development appears to be relatively autonomous.

Organ regeneration after median bisection of the sepal primordia of tobacco

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Hicks ◽  
J. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Floral Meristem ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Skoog Medium ◽  
Organ Regeneration

Young, newly emergent sepal primordia of tobacco were halved vertically and left attached to their floral meristem. Sterile culture of these meristems on a Linsmaier and Skoog medium for 8 days facilitated regeneration of a new sepal primordium from each original half. Sepal rudiments thus exhibited regulative behavior and are structurally labile.

Effects of carbamylcholine on chick embryo aggregate retina cell cultures

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
Glenn M. Cohen ◽  
Radharaman Ray
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Retinal Cell ◽  
Cell Aggregates ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Retinal Tissue ◽  
Synaptic Junctions ◽  
And Control

Retinal,cell aggregates develop in culture in a pattern similar to the in ovo retina, forming neurites first and then synapses. In the present study, we continuously exposed chick retinal cell aggregates to a high concentration (1 mM) of carbamylcholine (carbachol), an acetylcholine (ACh) analog that resists hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This situation is similar to organophosphorus anticholinesterase poisoning in which the ACh level is elevated at synaptic junctions due to inhibition of AChE, Our objective was to determine whether continuous carbachol exposure either damaged cholino- ceptive neurites, cell bodies, and synaptic elements of the aggregates or influenced (hastened or retarded) their development.The retinal tissue was isolated aseptically from 11 day embryonic White Leghorn chicks and then enzymatically (trypsin) and mechanically (trituration) dissociated into single cells. After washing the cells by repeated suspension and low (about 200 x G) centrifugation twice, aggregate cell cultures (about l0 cells/culture) were initiated in 1.5 ml medium (BME, GIBCO) in 35 mm sterile culture dishes and maintained as experimental (containing 10-3 M carbachol) and control specimens.

Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Infected Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 510-511
Author(s):  
Egbert W. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
Basal Septum ◽  
Concentration Levels

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection has been studied in several investigations of Nicotiana tabacum leaf tissue. Earlier studies have suggested that TMV infection does not have precise infective selectivity vs. specific types of tissues. Also, such tissue conditions as vein banding, vein clearing, liquification and suberization may result from causes other than direct TMV infection. At the present time, it is thought that the plasmodesmata, ectodesmata and perhaps the plasmodesmata of the basal septum may represent the actual or more precise sites of TMV infection.TMV infection has been implicated in elevated levels of oxidative metabolism; also, TMV infection may have a major role in host resistance vs. concentration levels of phenolic-type enzymes. Therefore, enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalamine ammonia-lyase may show an increase in activity in response to TMV infection. It has been reported that TMV infection may cause a decrease in o-dihydric phenols (chlorogenic acid) in some tissues.

Changes in polyamine synthesis during anther development and pollen germination in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

1994 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatiha Chibi ◽  
Angel Jesus Matilla ◽  
Trinidad Angosto ◽  
Dolores Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis

Tobacco Chemistry/Chemische Zusammensetzung des Tabaks

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne J. Aasen ◽  
Sven-Olof Almquist ◽  
Curt R. Enzell
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L

Abstract35: two isomeric 5,6-Epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-ones from Nicotiana tabacum L.

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